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2011-11-12T23:09:00.001+05:30

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7 Types of Motivation: What Inspires You?

2011-06-21T08:46:00.002+05:30

7 Types of Motivation: What Inspires You?

Motivation acts a driving force behind any kind of action. Motivation can be considered as the state of having the encouragement to do something. Motivation can act as a fuel which gives you the power to realize your dreams. Motivation can let an ordinary man do extraordinary tasks. But different people feel motivated through different ways. Some people honor love and derive motivation out of it, while others find money as a motivating factor. Motivation is required in professional as well as in family life. You may not realize how many types of motivation techniques are available for motivating coworkers, employees, children, yourself and even your life partner to make changes or to get things move in the right direction.

Different types of motivations work for different types of people. There are basically 7 types of motivation:

Achievement Motivation: People with this type of motivation focus on attaining goals. It forms the basis for good life. This kind of motivation gives a dynamic personality and self respect to an individual. People generally set attainable targets which are not very difficult to achieve. By doing this, they ensure undertaking those tasks that can be achieved by them.
Self Enhancement Motivation: If you do not get motivation from outside, find motivation from your own self. Self motivation is the ability to satisfy a desire, expectation or a goal without being influenced to do so by another person. Self-motivation is important for achieving success in work and personal life. According to Maslow's need hierarchy, people have an internal need of pushing themsleves toward self-actualization. As per this theory, human needs are arranged into a five-step ladder. Before higher-level needs are activated, certain lower-level needs must be satisfied. In ascending order, the needs are physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization (self-fulfillment).
Extrinsic Motivation: This form of motivation manifests itself positively as well as negatively. Positive motivation can appear in the form of a reward or a treat, and it can also be expressed in a negative sense by way of blackmailing or threatening. Extrinsic motivation works in both the cases and are effective.
Fear Motivation: Motivation comes from many sources. Fear is also one of them. We are "fearful" of driving on the wrong side of the road. We fear walking too close to the edge of a cliff. We're afraid of poisonous chemicals. These fears actually motivate us to make good decisions concerning our safety! But don't allow it to become a habit that can control you. If you can't fight in a positive way, then use it creatively.
Investment Motivation: We invest money to manage our finances and assets, and similarly, it is important to invest oneself physically, emotionally and financially in one task. The more a person is invested in a cause or task, the more likely he will be able to do the job well and complete it. For example, if one dreams to become a singer, he should have its total commitment towards attaining this goal. You need to work hard on what you want to achieve.
Social Motivation/Socialization: Many people consider their social life as their biggest motivation. Their friends are their best motivators. The idea of being accepted among a group of people is their motivation for achieving the goals of life. Studies have shown that students influenced by social motivation tend to perform tasks so as to please those they respect or admire.
Attitude Motivation: When you are positive, you can accomplish things, which were otherwise perceived as unrealistic by other people. A positive attitude can help you build strong relationships and to stay motivated. If you have a goal in mind and if you are lacking in the motivation part, then try having a positive attitude! This will boost up your motivation.

Motivation may come from your loved ones, peers, teacher or from your friends. But do you know who your greatest motivator is? You, yourself! After all, you are the one who has a goal in the mind. You are the one who has to realize the dreams. People close to you and the objects of your desire may only input some inspiration within you. The rest depends on you and your actions!

8 Steps for Self-Motivation

2011-06-21T08:39:00.006+05:30

8 Steps for Self-Motivation

By Manasi Chaudhari / June 14, 2011

Whether in a dramatic "rags to riches" story or in our day-to-day struggles with our weight or habits, motivation is the factor that makes you work until the desired results are obtained. Motivation keeps you in high spirits and prevents you from getting discouraged when you face minor setbacks on your path to success.

During childhood, your parents constantly kept motivating you to aim and achieve your goals. However, once you reach adulthood, parents take a backseat and you are left to fend for yourself, so to speak, the required motivation too. Therefore, you need to find ways and means to self-motivate yourself.

Types of Motivation

There are basically two types of self-motivation factors. They are:

Extrinsic: Extrinsic motivation lies outside. The grades, the appreciation of others, the pay cheque, the trophies, the incentives, the applause; all of these become your extrinsic motivating factors. When they keep coming, you stay motivated; however, if due to some reason, you fail to get these, it could de-motivate you as well.
Intrinsic: Intrinsic motivation is that which comes from within. It is the interest you have or the enjoyment you experience with the work you do on a day-to-day basis in the quest for achieving your goal. In other words, enjoying each task as it comes. That enjoyment keeps you motivated to go on and on. Research has found that intrinsic motivation is the one that is usually associated with high educational achievements by students.

Studies Showing the Power of Intrinsic Motivation

"Mark Lepper's research (1988) said that intrinsically motivated learners tend to employ strategies that demand more effort and that enable them to process information more deeply. They also prefer tasks that are more challenging and are willing to put in greater amounts of effort to achieve learning goals."

"Condry and Chambers (1978) found students with intrinsic orientation used more logical information, gathering and decision-making strategies, than did students who were extrinsically oriented."

Eight steps to Improve Your Motivation Quotient

There are many methods you can employ so as you stay motivated and reach you goals within the planned time period.

"Look" at Your Goals Everyday: The old saying "out of sight, out of mind" fits in aptly here too. The intensity of your desire to reach your goals tends to fizzle out after some time. To prevent that, you need to reinforce your desire every day. Once you have decided what you want to achieve and in what time and charted out the milestones to reach your goal, paste a picture that will remind you of the object of your desire (be it a slim body, coveted award, that beautiful bungalow, or the company you want to build) in a place you can view it every day. Starting the day by looking at it will keep you focused at the tasks that lead you to achieve your goals.
Surround Yourself With Positive People: Choose the people you associate with carefully when you are on a goal. When you surround yourself with positive people, you are always talking positive things. You get positive feedback (this does not mean false praise), which will help you work harder. Detect and stay away from negative and jealous people.
Read and Listen to Inspirational Matter: Similar to the first point, reading or listening to some motivational piece every day before you start your work goes a long way in helping you stay motivated. There are many people who have done it and shown, and their achievements are not hidden from the world. There are many books where you can read about them. Reading such books will keep your enthusiasm alive while you are in your quest for success.
One at a Time: Don't let challenges overwhelm you. Break up your goal into different segments, and tackle each segment at a time. This will prevent you from getting bored and totally giving up on your goals. Completing each segment is easier than completing the whole project. The sense of achievement you get in completing each segment will give you the motivation to start and finish your next segment. This way, before you know it, you have achieved your goal.
Finish What You Have Begun: Don't try to do too many tasks at once, turning halfway from one task and starting to do another. This way, you may not finish both the tasks and will feel discouraged to go on. Completion of tasks give you the sense of achievement that keeps you motivated.
Boost Your Confidence Level: During your endeavor, you may find your confidence level waxing and waning. This is because you are not looking at what you have already achieved or your other achievements, you are constantly working towards what you don't have. Don't think about what you assume your contemporaries have achieved. Be proud of what you have achieved so far and just stay focused on your task and move ahead.
Keep Track of Your Achievements: As you progress on your path of success, track your little successes down, so that when you feel a little de-motivated along the way, you can go back to what you have tracked, and pat yourself for the achievement made so far and move on.
Develop a Sense of Direction: Be aware of where you are going. Don't get lost along the way, straying away doing something else than the required task. This will lead you to procrastinate and move away from your goals. Let us assume you want to create a popular blog. However, in order to get some motivation, you start reading posts and end up doing only that the whole day instead of actually writing something. For this, make a list of activities you want to do. For example, if you want to be a famous writer, then you should think of all that you need to become one. Start writing contents on various topics, research on the internet, develop a strong base of proofs and studies, keep writing every day. Start with blogs first, publish it amongst friends, then slowly move on to others. Start writing small articles for local magazines, then newspapers, etc.

Sometimes, lack of energy, small failures here and there are factors that cannot be avoided. However, don't let these deter you from your chosen goal. Well begun is half done, they say. Plan out each step of your goal well in advance and get started. Dreams will remain dreams until you take action. Self motivation will help you commit to your goals and make it a reality.

सफलताका १० सुत्रहरु

2011-06-03T23:04:00.000+05:30

सफलताका १० सुत्रहरु

१.खतरा सँग नडराउनुहोस:
यदी तपाई आफ्नो काममा सफलता चाहानुह्न्छ भने अलीकती खतरा मोल्नु आवश्यक हुन्छ। कुनै काम गर्न मन लागेको छ भने त्यो गरिहाल्नुहोस र त्यसमा दत्त चित्त भएर लाग्नुहोस जसले तपाई लाई राम्रो परिणाम दिने सम्भावना धेरै हुन्छ। तर खतरा मोल्ने भन्दैमा यती सम्म नपुग्नुहोसकि जहाँ बाट तपाई बाहिर आउन सम्भवै छैन वा धेरै मुस्किल छ।

२.सधै उचाईमा पुग्ने ईच्छा पाल्नुहोस:
"उद्येश्य के लिनु उडी छुनु चन्द्र एक" भने झैं सधै उचाईमा पुग्ने आकांक्षा राख्नुहोस र सकेसम्म आफुलाई उचाईमा पुर्याउने कोसिस गर्नुहोस साथै आफ्नो चाहना अनुरुपको र त्यही स्तरको काम गर्दै जानुहोस।

३ .खुसी रहने कोसिस गर्नुहोस:
आफुले चाहेको चिज नपाएमा पनी आफुलाई दुखी वा केही गर्न नसक्ने मानिसको रुपमा कहिल्यै नउभ्याउनुहोस। आफुले गरेको मेहनत र पाएको फलमा सधै सन्तुष्ट हुन सिक्नुहोस तर आफ्नो काम नियमित गर्न नछोड्नुहोस।
४.लक्ष निर्धारण गर्नुहोस:
म के गर्दै छु र के गर्न चाहान्छु भन्ने कुरामा तपाई सधै स्पष्ट हुनुहोस। आफुले गर्न लागेको काम कसरी गर्नु पर्छ, कति समय लाग्छ आदी कुराको स्पष्ट जानकारी र विवरण तयार पारेर मात्र काम शुरु गर्नुहोस।

५.आफ्नो लक्षमा दृढ रहनुहोस:
आफुले के गर्न चाहेको हो त्यो कुरामा आफु बलियो रुपमा प्रस्तुत भएमा मात्र कुनै पनी काम सम्पन्न हुन्छ। त्यसैले जे गर्न चाहानुभएको छ त्यो कुरामा अडिग रहनु होस र जे जस्तो दुख आईपरे पनी त्यसलाई सम्पन्न गर्न सक्छु भन्ने मानसिकता बनाउनुहोस।

६.स्वास्थ्य प्रती ध्यान दिनुहोस:
जब हाम्रो शरिर स्वस्थ छ त्यो बेला मात्र हामी काम गर्न सक्छौं त्यसैले सबै भन्दा पहिले आफ्नो शरिर र स्वास्थ्य प्रती विषेश ध्यान दिनुहोस जसको लागी नियमित व्यायाम गर्नुहोस।

७.केही कुरा पनी सिक्न पछी नपर्नुहोस:
आफुले नजानेका कुरा सिक्न कहिल्यै लाज र नमान्नुहोस। जती आफुमा त्यो काम प्रति ज्ञान बढेरर जान्छ त्यती नै काम गर्न र लक्ष पाउन सहज हुन्छ। त्यसैले आफुलाई जहिले पनी ज्ञानको भोको मानिसको रुपमा प्रस्तुत गर्नु होस।

८.एकताबद्द हुन सिक्नुहोस:
कुनै कामहरु यस्ता पनी हुन्छन जो एक्लै गर्दा भन्दा साथी वा परिवार सँग मिलेर सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न गर्न सकिन्छ। त्यसैले जहिले पनी एकतामा विश्वाश गर्नुहोस। एकताको बल सधै बलियो हुन्छ।

९.आराम गर्नु होस:
सधै काममा मात्र ध्यान नदिनुहोस कहिले काही आराम वा मनोरञ्जनात्मक चिजहरुमा पनी आफ्नो उपस्थिती जनाउनुहोस जसले गदा तपाईको माष्तिष्कमा बोझ नपरोस र तपाई सधै आफुलाई फुर्तिलो महसुस गर्नसक्नुहोस।

१०. असम्भव केही पनी छैन:
संसारमा असम्भव भन्ने केही छैन र मैले गर्न लागेको काम असम्भव अवश्य छैन भन्ने विचार मनमा राख्नु होस। तपाई आफ्नो काममा मन लगाएर र आफ्नो पुरा शक्ति लगाएर गर्नु भएमा जस्तो सुकै काम पनी पुरा गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। अरुलाई असम्भव लागेका कुराहरु तपाईले पनी तपाईले गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।

सेयरमा लगानी किन जुवा होइन ?

2009-06-06T15:44:00.000+05:30

सेयरमा लगानी किन जुवा होइन ?

शंकरमान सिंह

नवनियुक्त अर्थमन्त्रीले पुँजी बजार विकासका लागि कुनै किसिमको बाधा अवरोध नहुने सङ्केत दिनुभएको छ । पूर्व अर्थमन्त्रीले सेयर बजारलाई किन जुवाघर भन्नुभएको हो भन्ने नबुझेको पनि बताउनुभएको छ । पुँजी बजारको विकासका लागि आवश्यक परेमा मैत्रीपूर्ण कानुनी वातावरण निर्माण गरिनेछ । उहाँले साना तथा नयाँ साधारण लगानीकर्ताको रक्षा गरिने पनि स्पष्ट पार्नुभएको छ ।

सेयरमा लगानी जुवा होइन । घोडादौड वा फुटबलको खेलमा बाजी थाप्नु जुवा हो । तर सेयरमा लगानी भने जुवा होइन । लगानी गर्दा निश्चित प्रतिफल अपेक्षा गरिएको हुन्छ, अवस्था पहिल्याउन वित्तीय विश्लेषण र अन्य अध्ययन पनि गरिएका हुन्छन् । तर जुवामा यी कुराहरू हुँदैनन् । त्यसैले लगानी, अड्कलबाजी र जुवाको प्रकृति, रूप र सार फरक हुन्छन् ।

लगानी भनेको हालको निश्चित मूल्यलाई भविष्यको अनिश्चित प्रतिफलका लागि बलिदान गर्नु हो । यसका लागि निष्कर्षमा पुग्न निवेश वा विनिवेशको किसिम, रकम, समय, गुणस्तर लगायतको अध्ययन आवश्यक हुन्छ । साथसाथै यस्तो निर्णय प्रक्रिया निरन्तर मात्र होइन विवेकशील हुनुपर्छ । समग्रमा भन्नुपर्दा लगानी भनेको जोखिम र प्रतिफलको विनिमय हो ।

लगानी र अड्कलबाजी केही सन्दर्भमा उस्तै भए पनि फरक हुन । किनकि लगानीका लागि अड्कलबाजी र अड्कलबाजीका लागि लगानी आवश्यक हुन्छ । लगानी र अड्कलबाजीबीचको भिन्नता छुट्याउन सकिने उत्तम आधार सम्भवत अपेक्षाको भूमिका मात्र हो । अड्कलबाजी नगरी कोही पनि धनी बन्न सक्दैन ।

केही पनि नगरी सबथोक हासिल गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने हुँदैन । सामाजिक दृष्टिले अड्कलबाजीलाई विभिन्न आधारमा लगानीबाट छुट्याउनुपर्छ । जुवा परापूर्वकालदेखि नै चल्दैआएको छ । अधिकांश शब्दकोशले जुवालाई जोखिममा सहभागी हुने क्रियाकलापको रूपमा परिभाषित गरेका छन् । यसको अर्थ जुवा भनेको उच्च प्रतिफलको रूपमा क्षतिपूर्तीको अपेक्षा नगरी जोखिम उठाउनु हो । जुवाडेले देहायका सबै वा केही चरित्र प्रदर्शन गर्छन् ः जुवा एक खास हुन्छ, दीर्घ र लगातार दोहोरिने गर्छ, अरू सबै चासोलाई गौण बनाइदिन्छ, नजिते पनि जुवाडे सधैँ आशावादी हुन्छ, जितेको बेला रोकिँदैन, आफूले थाम्नसक्ने भन्दा बढी जोखिम उठाउँछ, जुवाडेले जुवाबाट अनौठो मनोरञ्जन र उत्तेजना एवं सुख र पीडाको मिश्रण खोजिरहेको हुन्छ । नजानिने किसिमले जुवाडे हारिरहेको हुन्छ ।

जुवा एक किसिमले संयोगको खेलमा अल्पकालीन लगानी हो । यसमा लगानी कति समयका लागि हो भनेर नाप्न सकिन्छ । सारांशमा भन्दा, झण्डै तीन वर्षअघि माओवादी शान्ति प्रक्रियामा आएपछि र विस्तृत शान्ति सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेपछि सेयरको कारोबार उल्लेख्य बढेको छ । कसैकसैले अघिल्लो सरकारको राजस्वमुखी नीतिले सेयर बजारको कारोबार घटेको विश्लेषण गरेको पाइन्छ । खास गरी पुँजीगत लाभकरको दरमा वृद्धि, आयको स्वयं घोषणा, घरजग्गा तथा सवारीको खरिदमा स्रोतको खोजी गरिने कुराले सेयर, ऋणपत्र लगायतको धित्रोपत्र खरिद बिक्रीमा नकारात्मक असर गरेको बताइन्छ । सरकार थोरै लचिलो भएको अवस्थामा नेपालको पुँजी बजार विकासमा ठूलो योगदान पुग्ने स्वतन्त्र विश्लेषकहरूको धारणा छ । निजी क्षेत्रमा प्राइभेट तथा पारिवारिक रूपमा सञ्चालित व्यवसायलाई कर छुट वा कर बिदाको सहुलियत दिएर पुँजी बजारतर्फ आकषिर्त गराउनुपर्छ । हाल वित्तीय क्षेत्रले सूचिकृत कम्पनीको संख्या र करोबारको ९० प्रतिशत हिस्सा ओगट्दै आएका छन् । नेप्सेमा सूचिकृत १५८ कम्पनीमध्ये ११६ वित्तीय क्षेत्रका छन् ।

आम रूपमा उदार अर्थतन्त्र अवलम्बन गर्ने र निजी क्षेत्रलाई अग्रपङ्क्तिमा राख्ने विश्वास गरिएको एमाले नेतृत्वको सरकार गठन भएपछि लगानीकर्ताको आत्मविश्वास परिक्षण गर्ने अर्थतन्त्रको द्रुत ब्यारोमिटर मानिने नेप्से पछिल्ला केही दिनमा लगातार उच्च अंकले बढेको छ । नेपालको सेयर बजार तेजीमा गएको भन्न सकिने अवस्था आएको छ । ११७५ को उच्चतम बिन्दुमा पुगेको नेप्से अहिले ७१५ को हाराहारीमा आएको छ ।

विश्व परिदृश्यमा सामान्यतया राजनीतिक स्थिरता कायम नहुँदासम्म सेयर कारोबार उपल्लो तहमा पुग्दैन । सेयर मूल्य स्थिर वा नकारात्मक हुनेगर्छ तर नेपालको सन्दर्भमा नेप्सेले यस विपरीत प्रवृत्ति देखाएको छ ।

पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्रीले राजीनामा दिने वित्तिकै परिसूचक उकालोलागेको थियो भने नयाँ सरकार गठन नहुँदासम्म घटेको थियो । त्यसैगरी एमाले नेतृत्वको सरकार बन्ने भएपछि उल्लेख्य वृद्धि भएको छ । अहिलेको वृद्धि पछाडि मुख्यतया दुई कारण भएको मानिन्छ ः पहिलो आर्थिक वर्ष समाप्त हुन डेढ महिना मात्र बाँकी रहेकोले लगानीकर्ता भदौ र असोजमा लाभांश पाइने आशा छ, अर्को कारण राजनीतिक स्थायित्व वा सत्ता परिवर्तन हो ।

सर्वसाधारणले सामान्यतया भविष्यलाई धानमा राखेर लगानी गर्छन् । लगानी गर्दाको समय र अन्तिम समयको अन्तराललाई लगानीकर्ताको योजना क्षितिज, लगानी क्षितिज वा स्वामित्व अवधि भन्न सकिन्छ ।

यस अवस्थामा अड्कलबाजी र जुवालाई एउटै ठान्नु हुँदैन र यस बारेमा भ्रम रहनुहुँदैन । यसले जुवामा कृत्रिम र अनावश्यक रहेको हुन्छ भन्ने अड्कलबाजी र जुवाबीचको भिन्नता स्पष्ट देखाउँछ । आकारकै कुरा गर्ने हो भने बढी जोखिम उठाउनु भनेको जुवा होइन । जुवा भनेको आर्थिक लाभको उद्देश्यका लागि नभइ जोखिमको खास प्रकृति पत्ता नलगाई जोखिमका लागि जोखिम उठाउने कुरा हो । यस सन्दर्भमा केही प्रश्नहरूको जवाफ खोजिनु आवश्यक हुन्छ । लगानीकर्ताको उद्देश्य के हो ? वाषिर्क प्रतिफल कि मूल्य वृद्धि, कस्तो किसिमको धितोपत्र किनिएको छ, उच्च वा न्यून कोटीको र त्यस्ता धितोपत्र कहिलेसम्म राखिराख्ने हो ?

सेयर बजारको विकासका लागि केही नीतिगत परिवर्तनमार्फत सम्बोधन हुनु आवश्यक छ । किन लगानीकर्ता घट्दो बजारमा भन्दा बढ्दो बजारमा नाफा गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने विश्वास गर्छन् । खासगरी हामी धेरैजसो बजार ओरालो लागेको बेला भाग्छांै जवकि यस्तो बेला गरिएको लगानीबाट उच्च प्रतिफल प्राप्त हुने सम्भावना बढी हुन्छ । यस पछाडिको मुख्य कारण मानवीय स्वभाव नै हो । छिमेकी मुलुकहरूमा गरिएको अध्ययनले प्रायः साधारण लगानीकर्ता बजारप्रति तीव्र प्रतिक्रिया जनाउने तथ्य पुष्टि गरेको छ । घट्दो बजारमा यस्तो प्रतिक्रिया अझ बढी हुन्छ । घट्दो र बढ्दो दुवै बजारको कुनै चरणमा लगानीकर्ताको व्यवहार तर्कपूर्ण हुँदैन ।

खासगरी बजार घट्दा र बढ्दा दुवै अवस्थामा पैसा कमाउन सकिन्छ । हामीले सावधानी अँगाल्नै पर्छ । अरूले भनेका कुरा पत्याइहाल्नु हुँदैन । आफैंले अध्ययन अनुसन्धान गरेर विवेकशील निर्णय गर्नुपर्छ ।

क्यासिनो र सेयर बजार

2009-03-07T08:19:00.002+05:30

क्यासिनो र सेयर बजार

क्यासिनोमा जुवा खेलिन्छ, सेयर बजारमा लगानी गरिन्छ।

क्यासिनो र सेयर बजारमा केही समानता छन्। सेयर खरिद बिक्रीका लागि आउने पनि अधिकांश पैसावाल नै हुन्। अनुमानका भरमा दाऊ लगाउने क्यासिनोको गुण यसमा पनि छ।

क्यासिनोजस्तै सेयर बजार पनि सरकारकै अनुमतिमा चल्छ। नेपालमा झन् सेयर खरिदबिक्रीका लागि ´नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेञ्ज लिमिटेड´ नामक कम्पनी सरकारले गठन गरेको छ। पञ्चायत कालमा पुँजी बजारसम्बन्धी सबै कारोबार गर्ने उद्देश्यले गठन भएको ´सेक्युरिटी खरिदबिक्री केन्द्र´ लाई बहुदल आएपछि स्टक एक्सचेञ्जमा परिणत गरिएको हो।

यसो भन्दैमा क्यासिनोमा जस्तो सेयरमा लगानी गर्नेहरू सबैले गुमाउँदैनन्। अनन्तकालसम्म सेयर बजार अस्तित्वमा रहे यसमा सबैले गुमाएर सञ्चालकले मात्र कमाउने स्थिति आउँदैन। त्यसैले सेयर बजार र क्यासिनोलाई एउटै आँखाले हेर्नु गल्ती हुनेछ।

जुवा र लगानी

क्यासिनोमा जुवा खेलिन्छ, सेयर बजारमा लगानी गरिन्छ। जुवा खेल्नुलाई सबै समाजमा परापूर्वकालदेखि हेयको दृष्टिले हेरिंदै आएको छ। लगानीलाई आँट र उद्यमशीलतासँग जोडेर हेरिन्छ। त्यसैले यो सधैं सम्मानको विषय हुन्छ भने जुवाघरमा थापिने बाजी त्यस्तो हुँदैन।

सेयर बजारको लगानीबाट उच्चतम प्रतिफल पाउने धेरै आधार हुन्छन्। सेयरमा लगानी गर्दा ´समाउने र टेक्ने दुवै हाँगा´ हुन्छ। लगानीकर्तामा त्यसलाई पक्रिने कला हुनुपर्छ। जुवामा हुने जितहार नितान्त संयोगको कुरा हो।

लगानीकर्ता जोखिम पन्छाउन खोज्छन्, जुवाडे त्यसो गर्दैनन्। सेयर लगानीकर्ताहरू समग्र अर्थतन्त्र र सम्बद्ध कम्पनीको वित्तीय स्वास्थ्य विश्लेषण गरी सकेसम्म जोखिम कम गर्ने प्रयास गर्छन्। क्यासिनोमा जानेहरूसँग यस्तो विश्लेषण गर्ने कुनै आधार हुँदैन। सेयर लगानीमा सीप चाहिन्छ, अध्ययन अनुसन्धान चाहिन्छ, जुवामा भने आवेग हावी हुन्छ। वस्तुगत निर्णय गर्ने आधारहरू जुवामा हुँदैनन्।

नेपालको सन्दर्भमा क्यासिनोले केही सय मान्छेलाई रोजगारी दिएको छ। आन्तरिक रूपमा उत्पादित वस्तु तथा सेवा खपत पनि गरेको छ। तर यसको अंश नगण्य छ। अर्कोतिर सेयर बजारले निष्क्रिय पुँजी परिचालनमा ठूलो सहायता पुर्‍याउँछ। लाखौं संख्यामा रोजगार सिर्जना गर्नुका साथै वस्तु तथा सेवा उत्पादनमा योगदान गर्छ। स–साना बचतकर्ताको पुँजी ठूला लगानीकर्तासम्म पुर्‍याउने चुस्त संयन्त्रका रूपमा यसले काम गरेको हुन्छ। अहिले सेयरमा लगानी गर्नेको संख्या १० लाख नाघेको अनुमान गरिन्छ।

जुवा एक मानसिक रोग र सामाजिक विसंगती हो। यसको निराकरण र उपचारका लागि अनेकौं प्रयास भएका छन्। तर लगानीलाई आजसम्म यस्तो भनेको सुनिएको छैन। लगानीले कसैलाई लट्ठ पार्दैन।

जुवा मनोरञ्जन हो, लगानी व्यवसाय। क्यासिनोभित्रका गतिविधिबारे हामी धेरैलाई थाहा छ। कम्तीमा फिल्ममा हामीले क्यासिनोभित्रको सुरासुन्दरी सहितको रंगिन संसार देखेका छौं। सेयर बजारमा ती कल्पना बाहिरका कुरा हुन्। कारोबार गर्दा चिच्याएर बोली लगाउने प्रथाको अन्त्यपछि सेयर बजारको रौनक कम भएको छ। केही प्रबुद्ध लगानीकर्ताले टिभी तथा पत्रपत्रिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्ने सेयर बजारका विवरणबाट मनोरञ्जन लिन सक्छन्। प्रतिस्पर्धाका कारण सेयर बजारका तथ्यांकलाई बढी भन्दा बढी आकर्षक बनाउने प्रयास सञ्चार माध्यमले गरेका छन्।

लगानी सुरक्षित भविष्यतर्फ लक्षित हुन्छ, जुवा हुँदैन। अवकाशपछिको जिवनयापन, छोराछोरीको पढाईलगायत आकस्मिक घटनाहरूबाट सजिलै उन्मुक्ति पाउन बचतलाई लगानीमा रूपान्तर गरिन्छ। ती उद्देश्य प्राप्तीका लागि जुवा खेलिंदैन।

सेयरमा लगानी स्वामित्व ग्रहण गर्ने प्रक्रिया हो। लगानीकर्ताले जुन कम्पनीको सेयर किन्छ त्यसको मालिक हुन्छ। सेयर खरिदसँगै सम्पत्ति र दायित्वको हिस्सेदार बन्छन् लगानीकर्ता। जुवामा सम्पत्ति र दायित्वको मालिक बन्न कुनै चीज हुँदैन। गैर–जिम्मेवार हुन्छन् जुवा खेल्नेहरू।

उसो भए क्यासिनो र सेयर बजारबीचको यस्तो स्पष्ट भिन्नतालाई लिएर हामीकहाँ किन विवाद भइरह्यो? किन हाम्रा अर्थमन्त्रीले सेयर बजारलाई क्यासिनो भने भन्ने विषयले चर्चा पायो?

अविकसित मुलुकका राजनीतिक नेतृत्वमा वित्तीय साक्षरताको अभाव हुने भएकाले जनताको आर्थिक स्तर उकास्न गर्न सकिने स–साना कामको उनीहरूलाई जानकारी नै हुँदैन। सम्पत्ति सिर्जना, आर्थिक सिर्जनशीलता, बजार निर्माण झन् टाढाका कुरा हुन्। कसैगरी जानकारी पाइहाले पनि सम्बद्ध पार्टीको घोषित राजनीतिक सिद्धान्तलाई तिलाञ्जली दिएर परिवर्तित आर्थिक–राजनीतिक यथार्थ स्विकार गर्न उनीहरू सक्दैनन्। कामै नलाग्ने भए पनि पार्टीको नीति तथा कार्यक्रमविरुद्ध जाने प्रयास कसैले गरे उसको राजनीतिक ´करियर´ समाप्त हुनसक्छ। समाजवादी झुकाव भएका नेताहरूका लागि यो अत्यन्त कठिन काम हो। कम्युनिष्टहरू त झन् डेढ सय वर्षअघिको मार्क्सका किताबमा अहिलेका जनताको आर्थिक नियती परिवर्तन गर्ने कुरा खोजिरहेका हुन्छन्।

अरू डराएका बेला हामी लोभी हुनुपर्छ

2009-02-09T00:25:00.000+05:30

अरू डराएका बेला हामी लोभी हुनुपर्छ

सेयर बजारमा अरू डराएका बेला लोभी हुनुपर्छ र अरू लोभी भएका बेला डराउनुपर्छ।

झण्डै पाँच दशकअघि प्रसिद्ध लगानीकर्ता वारेन बफेटले साथीभाइसँग भनेका थिए, ´अरू डराएकाबेला हामी लोभी हुनुपर्छ र अरू लोभी भएकाबेला हामी डराउनुपर्छ।´ सेयर बजारको उतारचढाव इंगित गर्ने उनको यो भनाइ आजसम्म कसैले झुठो ठहर्‍याउन सकेको छैन।

बफेट जे भन्छन्, त्यो गर्छन्। त्यसैले सेयर लगानीबाट उनी संसारकै दोस्रो धनी व्यक्ति भएका छन्। उतिबेला साथीभाइको सानो समूहमा बफेटले भनेको त्यो कुरा अहिले संसारभरकै लगानीकर्ताका लागि गुरूमन्त्र बनेको छ।

सामान्यतया सेयर बजार गिर्दो अवस्था (बियरिस ट्रेन्ड) मा रहेकाबेला लगानीकर्ताहरू डराउँछन्। आफूसँग भएको सेयर बेच्न खोज्छन्। बजारमा सेयर आपूर्ति बढ्छ र मूल्य घट्छ। बजार झन् तल झर्छ। यसबाट मूल्य घट्दै जाने एउटा चक्रको थालनी हुन्छ। यसरी सबै डराएर सेयर बेचिरहेको अवस्थामा बफेटले साथीहरूलाई लोभी हुनुपर्छ भनेका हुन्।

यसविपरीत सेयर बजार निरन्तर उकालो लागिरहेको अवस्था (बुलिस ट्रेन्ड) मा लगानीकर्ता अति उत्साहित हुन्छन्। सेयर मूल्य बढ्दै गएको देखेर लोभिएका लगानीकर्ता बढीभन्दा बढी सेयर माग गर्छन्। यसबाट मूल्य बढ्दै जाने अर्को चक्रको थालनी हुन्छ। सबैलाई लोभले गाँजेकाबेला सचेत लगानीकर्ता मुक्त हुनुपर्छ भन्ने बफेटको आग्रह हो।

सबैलै सेयर बेच्दैछन् भन्दैमा आफूले पनि बेच्ने भूल गर्नु हुँदैन। बरू बियरिस बजारमा सेयर सस्तो पाइने हुनाले राम्रा कम्पनी छानेर किन्नेतर्फ लाग्नुपर्छ। यस अवस्थामा लामो समय टिकिरहनसक्ने सेयर छान्नु बुद्धिमानी हुन्छ।

उसो भए सेयर बजारका सबै लगानीकर्ता बफेटको सल्लाहबमोजिम चल्न सक्छन्? पक्कै सक्दैनन्। सक्ने भए सेयर बजारमा कसैले पनि गुमाउने थिएनन्, सबैले कमाउँथे। सेयर बजारको चुनौती भनेको त्यसको चाल ठम्याएर आफू पहिलो हुने हो। सामान्य बुद्धिले पनि के भन्न सकिन्छ भने कुनै पनि क्षेत्रमा जो कोही पहिलो हुन सक्दैन। सेयर बजारमा कतिबेला प्रवेश गर्ने (सेयर किन्ने) र कतिखेर बाहिरिने (सेयर बेच्ने) भनेर जान्ने पहिलो पंक्तिका लगानीकर्ताले नै सफलता हात पार्छन्।

आज हामी बियर मार्केटबारे छलफल गरौं। वित्त साहित्यमा बजार परिसूचकमा अघिल्लो उचाइँबाट २० प्रतिशतको गिरावटलाई बजार मन्दी (बियर मार्केट) तर्फ गएको मानिन्छ। नेपालको सेयर बजारमा भदौ १७ गते कारोबार मापन गर्ने परिसूचक नेप्सेले १ हजार १ सय ७५ को उचाइँ बनाएको थियो। अहिले ६ सय ५८ मा आइपुगेको छ। झण्डै ४४ प्रतिशतको यो गिरावटले पुष्टी गर्छ, अहिलेको बजार वियर मार्केट हो।

यो नेपाली सेयर बजारको मात्रै विशेषता होइन। संसारभरकै सेयर बजार यस्तो अवस्थाबाट गुज्रिएका छन्। यो समग्र आर्थिक चक्रकै पाटो हो। अहिले पनि अधिकांश सेयर बजार यही अवस्थामा छन्। वित्तशास्त्रीहरू बियरिस ट्रेन्ड बजार सन्तुलनका लागि आवश्यक मान्छन्। उनीहरू यसले लगानीकर्तालाई ईमान्दार र सचेत बनाउँछ भन्छन्। बजारको यो प्रवृत्तिबाट पार हुनेहरू ठूलो धनराशिको मालिक हुने ग्यारेन्टी पनि उनीहरू गर्छन्।

अब कुरा गरौं घट्दो सेयर बजारबाट कसरी पार पाउने? सेयर बजारको इतिहासबाट प्रत्येक लगानीकर्ताले सिक्नुपर्ने पहिलो पाठ हो, धैर्य धारण गर्ने। कारोबारको प्रत्येक चरण (किन्ने, होल्ड गर्ने र बेच्ने बेला) मा धैर्य उत्तिकै आवश्यक हुन्छ। धैर्यको महत्वबारे धेरै लगानीकर्तालाई थाहा भए पनि व्यवहारमा उतार्न निकै कठिन हुन्छ। तर बजारबारे केही कुरा बुझयो भने धैर्य धारण गर्ने शक्ति प्राप्त नहुने होइन।

हामीले बजार किन घटिरहेको छ भन्ने कारण पहिल्याउने प्रयास गर्‍यौं भने यो कहिलेसम्म कायम रहन्छ, कहिले टुंगिन्छ र तत्काल के गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने थाहा पाउँछौं। अहिले समग्र आर्थिक स्थिति, कम्पनीहरूको वित्तीय अवस्था सकारात्मक हुँदा पनि बजार घटिरहेको छ। यसबाट अर्थतन्त्र र बजारको यो विपरित अवस्था लामो समय रहँदैन भन्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ।

बियरिस ट्रेन्ड छोटै अवधिका लागि रहे पनि सचेत लगानीकर्ताले केही सतर्कता अपनाउनैपर्छ। बफेटले भनेझैं सबैलै सेयर बेच्दैछन् भन्दैमा आफूले पनि बेच्ने भूल गर्नु हुँदैन। बरू बियरिस बजारमा सेयर सस्तो पाइने हुनाले राम्रा कम्पनी छानेर किन्नेतर्फ लाग्नुपर्छ। यस अवस्थामा लामो समय टिकिरहनसक्ने सेयर छान्नु बुद्धिमानी हुन्छ। नयाँ लगानीकर्ता बजारमा उच्च मूल्यमा सेयर बिक्री भइरहेको कम्पनी, कुनै कारणले चर्चित कम्पनी र ठूला कम्पनीमा आकर्षित हुने गर्छन्। यसो गर्नु गलत हो। बियर मार्केटमा कम चिनिएका र बढी प्रतिफल दिनसक्ने वित्तीय अवस्था सुदृढ भएका कम्पनी खोज्नुपर्छ।

सेयर घटेकाबेला लगानीकर्ताले रक्षात्मक रणनीतिलाई उत्तिकै महत्व दिनुपर्छ। आफूसँग भएको लगानीयोग्य सम्पत्ति पूरै सेयरमा लगाइहाल्नु हुँदैन। बजारमा नसोचेको अवस्था आउनसक्छ। धेरै राम्रा लगानीका अवसर आउनसक्छन्, कल्पनै नगरेको मूल्यमा सेयर पाउन सकिन्छ। त्यसका लागि आफूसँग केहि नगद राख्नुपर्छ।

गिर्दो अवस्था, बजार बुझ्ने राम्रो अवसर पनि हो। बजार बुझेर भविष्यमा बढी प्रतिफल लिन तयार हुनुपर्छ। घटेको अवस्थामा बजारलाई नजिकबाट नियाल्नुपर्छ, कति रकमको कारोबार भइरहेको छ, कुन कम्पनीको घटिरहेको छ, कसको बढिरहेको छ, कुन दरमा घटबढ भइरहेको छ? स्टक एक्सचेञ्जले सूचिकृत कम्पनीलाई ९ समूहमा विभाजन गरेको छ। ती सबै समूहको अवस्था तुलना गर्नुपर्छ। आफूले रोजेका कम्पनीको हालत के भयो हेर्ने मौका यही हो। यस्तो बेला रोजेको कम्पनीको सेयर मूल्य कस्तो रह्यो, उसको वित्तीय अवस्था के छ, कम्पनीको व्यवस्थापन र व्यवस्थापनको व्यवहार हेर्न सकिन्छ।

बियर बजार छल्न सकिंदैन त्यसैले सधैं हेक्का राख्नुपर्छ, अहिले बढिरहेको सेयर कुनै दिन घट्छ र यसविपरित अवस्था पनि आउँछ। हाम्रो देशमा सेयर लगानीसम्बन्धी परामर्श दिने वा लगानी व्यवस्थापन गर्ने आधिकारिक संस्था छैनन्। भएको अवस्थामा पनि त्यस्ता संस्थाको बढी भर पर्नु हुँदैन। तपाईको लगानी गर्ने र बजारमा टिसकरहनसक्ने क्षमताबारे तपाईभन्दा जानकार अरू कोही हुन सक्दैन। त्यसैले बजारको जुनसुकै अवस्थामा तपाईको सबभन्दा असल सल्लाहकार तपाई स्वयं हो, दोस्रो हुन सक्दैन।

मुराहरि पराजुली

कुरा सेयर बजारको

2009-01-30T21:17:00.000+05:30

2009-01-29 19:11:07

कुरा सेयर बजारको

लहैलहैमा लागेर केही नबुझी सेयर बजारमा आउनेले बढी गुमाउँछन्।
´आकाशका ताराको गति थाहा पाउन सकिएला तर मान्छेको पागलपनको भेउ पाउन सकिन्न´–सेयर बजारमा २० हजार पाउन्ड गुमाएपछि वैज्ञानिक न्युटनले त्यसो भनेका थिए। न्युटनलेजस्तै सेयर बजारमा सबैले गुमाउदैनन् बरु कमाउनेको संख्या बढी छ।
अनुभव सबैभन्दा ठूलो गुरु हो भन्ने भनाइ कतै पूर्णरूपमा लागु हुन्छ भने त्यो सेयर बजार नै हो। उकालो चढ्ने, ओरालो झर्ने सेयर बजारको प्रवृत्तिका बारेमा अरूका मुखबाट सुनेको लगानीकर्ताका लागि पर्याप्त हुदैन। तैपनि साथीभाइ जानेबुझेकासँग लगानीकर्ताले जिज्ञासा भने राख्दै आएका हुन्छन्। नयाँ लगानीकर्ताका तिनै जिज्ञासालाई सम्बोधन गर्ने प्रयास यहाँ गरिएको छ।
नेपालको सेयर बजार अन्य मुलुकका तुलनामा नयाँ हो। त्यसैले यहाँ बुझेका र अनुभवीभन्दा नबुझेका र अनुभवहीन लगानीकर्ताको संख्या धेरै छ। नबुझेकै कारण धेरै लगानीकर्ताले गल्ती गर्दै र मेहनतको कमाइ गुमाउँदै पनि आएका छन्। तर नेपालको सेयर बजारको सकारात्मक पक्ष के हो भने यहाँ ठूलो परिमाणमा सधैंका लागि गुमाउने लगानीकर्ताको संख्या थोरै छ। यहाँ एकपटक गुमाएकाले आफ्नो गल्ती सच्याएर कमाउन थालेको उदाहरण भने प्रशस्तै पाइन्छ।

लगानीकर्ता सेयरबजारमा कतिसम्म टिकिरहनसक्छ भन्ने कुरा उसको आर्थिक,शैक्षिक र मनोवैज्ञानिक पृष्ठभूमिले पनि निर्धारण गर्छ। आजै किनेको सेयरको मूल्य बढेन वा घट्यो भनेर आत्तिने लगानीकर्ता सेयरबजारमा प्रवेश नगरेकै राम्रो हुन्छ।

सेयर बजारमा फलानोले यति कमायो, फलानो रातारात करोडपति भयो भन्ने लहैलहैमा लागेर केही नबुझी आउनेले बढी गुमाउँछन्। बुद्धिमान लगानीकर्ताले सेयर बजारबाट कमाउनेले कसरी कमाए भन्ने बुझ्नु जरुरी हुन्छ। सेयर बजारमा लगानी गर्नु भनेको एक किसिमले पौडी खेल्नु जस्तै हो। पढेर पौडी खेल्न सिकिँदैन, यसका लागि तलाउमा प्रवेश गर्नैपर्छ। त्यसो भन्दैमा तलाउमाजस्तै सामान्य जानकारी पनि नलिई सेयर बजारमा प्रवेश गर्नु मूर्खता हुन्छ।
बजार प्रवेश गर्ने उपयुक्त समय
सेयर बजारमा प्रवेश गर्ने (सेयर किन्ने) र त्यहाँबाट बाहिरिने (सेयर बेच्ने) निश्चित समय हुन्छ। सचेत लगानीकर्ताले बजार प्रवेश गर्ने र बाहिरिने समयको सधै ख्याल राख्नुपर्छ। बजारमा सेयरको मूल्य लगातार बढीरहेको तेजीको अवस्थालाई ´बुलिस ट्रेन्ड´ र घटिरहेको मन्दीको अवस्थालाई ´वियरिस ट्रेन्ड´ भनिन्छ। कुनैपनि चिज सस्तोमा किनेर महङ्गोमा बेच्दा फाइदा हुन्छ भन्ने सामान्य व्यावसायिक चेतना भएको जोसुकैले पनि बुझ्ने कुरा हो। सेयर कारोबारमा पनि यही नियम लागू हुन्छ। सामान्यतया सेयर मूल्य बढिरहेको अवस्थामा बजार प्रवेश गर्नु उपयुक्त मानिदैन। सेयर मूल्यले उच्चतम विन्दु छोएको बेला किनियो भने बेच्दा सस्तोमा बेच्नुपर्ने हुनसक्छ। त्यसो नभएपनि सेयर मूल्यले अर्को उचाइ नबनाउञ्जेल पर्खनुपर्ने हुन्छ। त्यसैले कुन सेयरको मूल्य कहिले बढेको थियो वा घटेको थियो। घट्नुबढ्नुका कारण के थिए भन्ने लगानीकर्ताले पत्ता लगाउने कोसिस गर्नुपर्छ।
सही छनौट
खरिद गर्दा लगानीकर्ताले उपयुक्त सेयर छान्न पनि जान्नु पर्दछ। सेयर किन्न लागेको कम्पनीको वित्तीय अवस्था, व्यवस्थापन पक्ष र कम्पनीसम्बद्ध क्षेत्रको भविष्यका बारेमा सामान्य जानकारी राख्नुपर्छ। कुनै बैंक अथवा वित्त कम्पनीको सेयर किन्ने हो भने उक्त कम्पनीको वित्तीय अवस्था के कस्तो छ? तिनका संचालक तथा व्यवस्थापकहरू को को हुन्? तिनले कति कुशलतापूर्वक कम्पनी चलाउन सक्छन् र समग्र बैंक तथा वित्तीय क्षेत्रकै भविष्य कस्तो हुन्छ? भन्ने लगानीकर्ताले जान्नुपर्छ।
बजार उतारचढावको सामना
उतारचढावबीना सेयरबजार सञ्चालन हुनैसक्दैन। त्यसैले लगानीकर्ताले सामान्य उतारचढावको सामना गर्नुपर्छ। मूल्य बढिरहेका बेलामा हतार गरेर सेयर बेच्ने र थप घट्नसक्ने अवस्थामा किनिहाल्ने लगानीकर्ताले उच्चतम प्रतिफल पाउन सक्दैन। लगानीकर्ता सेयरबजारमा कतिसम्म टिकिरहनसक्छ भन्ने कुरा उसको आर्थिक,शैक्षिक र मनोवैज्ञानिक पृष्ठभूमिले पनि निर्धारण गर्छ। आजै किनेको सेयरको मूल्य बढेन वा घट्यो भनेर आत्तिने लगानीकर्ता सेयरबजारमा प्रवेश नगरेकै राम्रो हुन्छ। बुद्धिमान् लगानीकर्ताले सेयरमूल्य आफूले अनुमान गरेअनुसार किन बढेन वा घटीरहेको छ भने किन घटीरहेको छ भन्ने पत्ता लगाएर त्यसअनुसार आफ्नो रणनीति तय गर्छ।
लोभ र त्रास
वित्त साहित्यमा लोभ र त्रासलाई सेयर बजारलाई चलायमान बनाउने आधारभूत तत्त्वका रूपमा व्याख्या गरिएको पाइन्छ। लगानीकर्तामा लोभ बढ्दै जाँदा बढीभन्दा बढी सेयर किन्दै जान्छ वा बेच्नुपर्ने सेयर बेच्दैन। यसले सेयरको मूल्य र समग्र बजारलाई माथि उठाउँछ। अर्कोतर्फ डरका कारण लगानीकर्ता सेयर बेचेर उम्कन खोज्छ। बढीभन्दा बढी लगानीकर्ता सेयर बजारबाट उम्कन खोजेको अवस्थामा मूल्य तथा समग्र बजार ओरालो लाग्छ। त्यसैले डर मान्नुपर्ने वा उत्साहित हुनुपर्ने सूचना तथा समाचारहरू प्राप्त भएको अवस्थामा त्यसको पुष्टि नगरी लहैलहैमा सेयर किनबेचको निर्णय गर्नुहुदैन।
एकैचोटी सबै पैसा नलगाउने
नयाँ हुन् वा पुराना लगानीकर्ता कसैले पनि आफूसँग भएको सबै पैसा सेयरमा लगानी गर्नुहुदैन। लगानीका उपकरणमध्ये सेयर सबभन्दा बढी जोखिमयुक्त हुन्छ। आन्तरिक र बाह्य कारणले सेयरबजारमा अकल्पनीय स्थिति आउनसक्छ। त्यस्ता अवस्था सामान्यतया एक्लो लगानीकर्ताको नियन्त्रणभन्दा बाहिरको हुन्छ। त्यसैले त्यस्तो प्रतिकूल परिस्थितिमा आफूलाई टिकाइराख्न लगानीकर्ताले आफूसँग केही नगद राख्नुपर्छ वा अरु क्षेत्रमा लगानी गर्नुपर्छ।
लगानी विविधीकरण
सबै अन्डा एउटै टोकरीमा नराख्नु बुद्धिमानी मानिन्छ। सेयरमा लगानी गर्दा पनि यसलाई ध्यान दिनुपर्छ। सचेत लगानीकर्ताले कहिल्यै पनि एउटै कम्पनी, समूह वा क्षेत्रको सेयरमा लगानी गर्दैन। आर्थिक चक्र चलिरहँदा अर्थतन्त्रका विभिन्न क्षेत्र डुब्ने र उत्रने गरिरहन्छन्। आज बैंक तथा वित्तीय क्षेत्र तेजीमा चलीरहेको छ भने भोलि नचल्नसक्छ, हिजोसम्म घाटामा गएका होटलहरू देशमा अनुकूल वातावरण बन्दै गएकोले नाफामा जानसक्छन्। यस तथ्यलाई मनन गरेर लगानीकर्ताले सेयर किन्दा विविधीकरणको नीति लिनु राम्रो हुन्छ। विभिन्न समूह र क्षेत्रका राम्रा कम्पनीको छनौट गरी सेयर लगानी गर्दा पक्कै सफलता हात लाग्छ।

मुराहरि पराजुली

Road to successful investor

2008-12-30T16:16:00.001+05:30

Road to successful investor

Those who are interested to invest and build a personal financial plan for life have a goal in mind. Be a successful investor. Especially, if you know about legend investors, your mind will tempt to follow the methods and the road they selected to there success. That is a good idea but, there are some factors and homework an investor must do himself to be a successful investor in life. This article pointing out some must required actions. Read the entire article below:

Read, read, read

Consider to read maximum. Reading great books, articles and newsletters will give you enough knowledge to select the right path at tight time. Not only that but, it will also give you enough knowledge on various aspects on investment instrument selections and valuations. A successful investor should spend enough time to find and read most useful books and articles to gain all required knowledge.

Acquire knowledge on available products to invest

Investment world is not small with one or two products. It is very vast and the success of an investor laying on the selection and combination of these products at the right time. To have a successful financial plan, an investor should aware about the advantages and disadvantages of all the investment products around him. He should be able to identify the right one and compare the same with all other similar products available in the market to identify the winner or the loser. A successful investor not only should have good knowledge about the products he deals with presently but, he should be able to understand and explain the features of various products available around him.

Watch business channels

Television especially business channels are necessary part to investors day to day life. This is a very good source to get updated information on latest trends and changes. I am not saying to believe and act as per what they are saying but, through business channels, an investor will get enough opportunity to identify best investment products to do own research to understand the investment suitability. Make this as a regular practice.

Usage of internet

Internet is the excellent source to get instant access to well written articles, valuable informations, real time data and other similar informations. Utilize the maximum and get enough knowledge about all the areas of investment practices.

Grouping and social networking sites

Social networking sites are a best source to share and take ideas. It is very helpful to identify whether your plan has any loopholes or chance of failure. You can also receive very good reviews on your ideas as well as winning ideas from experts who are also in the part of the group where you are in.

Don't believe everything blindly

A careful approach to the research reports and the words from self acting investment gurus required your own research and study to believe or avoid. Always have practical approach. Don’t believe anything without your own research. Research reports might have hidden traps to investors if blindly follow them. Through study and digging to the truth will help you to identify the fact and act as per that.

Chat with experts

Chat rooms are an excellent source to get real time informations from experience people. Care should be taken about the person in the other end and don’t blindly believe him without your own study on what they are suggesting or recommending.

Participate to events

Participating events related to the subject is a good idea to get helpful informations and knowledge. In my opinion, an investor should take the advantage from all the events happening around him. It can be an investor meets or an awareness section or a company general meeting. Whatever it is, participating to such events help an investor to meet people with similar thoughts as well as chance to contact experts. It is also helpful to clear any doubts and get prompt answer to your questions. It can also be used for building good friendships with other investors.

Passion on investing

This is the most important factor. Be passionate. Without passion, you can’t achieve anything. Learn from the real life of legend investors. They have enough passion to the profession and that lead them to great success. So be passionate or leave such profession immediately.

I am happy to know whether this article useful to you or not. If you feel that I have missed some important points, please comment and inform me. I will add the same as soon as possible because that will be a great help to those who are reading this post in the future.

Investing GURUS

2008-12-30T15:57:00.000+05:30

Recent TOP Investing GURUS

Bill Miller
Bill Nygren
Bruce Berkowitz
Carl Icahn's Portfolio
Carlos Slim Helu
Charles Munger
Eddie Lampert's Portfolio
Francis Chou
Gendell Jeffrey Portfolio
George Soros Portfolio
Jim Cramer
Joel Greenblatt
Ken Heebner
Li Ka-Shing
Lou Simpson
Mohnish Pabrai Portfolio
Martin Whitman Portfolio
Nelson Peltz Portfolio
Peter Lynch
Prince Al-waleed
Seth Klarman Portfolio
Steve Cohen Portfolio
Tim Barakett's Portfolio
Warren Buffett's Portfolio
William Ackman's Portfolio

Top 10 Richest person in the World - 2008

2008-12-30T15:26:00.001+05:30

Top 10 Richest person in the World - 2008

1) The American investor and philanthropist Warren Buffet is worth an estimated $62 billion, up $10 billion from a year ago thanks to surging prices of Berkshire Hathaway stock, according to Forbes magazine's annual ranking of the world's billionaires.

Click Here to know More about him

2) Mexican telecom tycoon Carlos Slim Helu was named the world's second richest man, with a net worth of around $60 billion, up $11 billion since last March.

Click Here to know More about him

3) Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft, is now ranked as the world's third richest person. At $58 billion, his net worth is up $2 billion from a year ago.

4) Steel giant Lakshmi Mittal placed fourth with 45 billion dollars

5) Petrochemicals tycoon Mukesh Ambani placed fifth with 43 billion dollars

6) Anil Ambani at sixth position with 42 billion dollars

7) Ikea store chain owner Ingvar Kamprad was seventh at $31 billion

8) Property magnate K.P. Singh came in eighth on the list, with a fortune estimated at 30 billion dollars.
9) Aluminum giant Oleg Deripaska was ninth at $28 billion

10) Aldi store chain owner Karl Albrecht was 10th at $27 billion

Five top international stock investors

2008-10-18T22:09:00.001+05:30

If you want to make a success of your investments, you would be well advised to follow the experts. Here we look at the strategies of five legendary investors.

Peter Lynch
Age: 61

While Peter Lynch was in charge of Fidelity’s Magellan fund – between 1977 and 1990 – it posted an average annual return of 29%. No fund manager in history has ever run a fund of its size (by the end of the period it was worth $14bn) so successfully for such a long time. He puts this achievement down to a few simple things, mainly the skill of finding investment opportunities in areas you are already familiar with. He made a point, for example, of looking closely at stocks for which he or his family had “positive personal experiences as consumers”, says Peter Temple in the FT. He also looked for the simplest of businesses to invest in, famously suggesting that one should, “Go for a business that any idiot can run – because, sooner or later, any idiot probably is going to run it.”

Having spotted a possible company, Lynch looks at three criteria: profitability, price, and whether or not it has a good business model. He likes companies with strong assets backing them and forward p/e ratios well below forecast earnings per share. He prefers firms with strong growth potential, but at the same time is wary of those with unsustainable growth rates. “As a rule of thumb, he generally looked for earnings growth of between 15% and 30%,” says Debiprasad Nayak in The Economic Times Online. To Lynch, however, financial fundamentals were a secondary thing to look at. First, he liked to understand the company thoroughly. He visited shopping malls to see how shops were doing, check which brands were selling and at what kind of prices. Then he looked at the balance sheet.

Lynch’s book on investing, One Up On Wall Street, was published in 1989.But that doesn’t diminish its relevance today. The book introduces the idea of “ten-baggers”, the Holy Grail of investing, says Luke Johnson in The Sunday Telegraph. Ten-baggers are shares that investors can make ten times their money on within about five years. Finding these meant that, on the whole, Lynch avoided investing in large, well-established businesses and opted for less well-known ones or turnaround stories. He was also a contrarian investor – like many other great investors, he sought out stocks that everyone else was ignoring.

One final piece of Lynch advice to retail investors. You should think of your stocks as you would your children: you have limited time, so you can’t keep an eye on too many of them at once. Lynch thinks that five stocks is enough for most of us to keep track of.

Eddie Lampert: the next Warren Buffett?

Eddie Lampert takes security seriously. He was kidnapped at gunpoint as he left work in 2003 and held hostage for two days. However, his mental resourcefulness is such that he managed to talk his way out of trouble and be back at his desk just two days later. But there’s more to Lampert than resilience alone: he’s currently being touted as the new Warren Buffett.

His private investment fund, ESL Investments, which takes its name from his initials, has grown from $28m in 1988 to a mammoth $9bn today, returning an average 29% a year – compared to the 25% a year Berkshire Hathaway has made since Buffett took over in 1965 (though over a much longer period). One huge success for Lampert has been his 53% stake in Kmart. Once bankrupt, the retail giant has now merged with Sears and is a veritable cash cow, throwing off more than it can use in the business. It has $3bn in hand.

Lampert has always had powerful mentors, working with the likes of Robin Rubin, former boss of Goldman Sachs, and economics Nobel winner James Tobin at Yale. The person who first sparked his interest in investing, though, was his grandmother, who would read the ten-year-old Eddie Lampert stock quotes from the paper. He has also paid close attention to Warren Buffett, dissecting his reasons for making each investment. Lampert tends to go for mature, easy-to-understand businesses with strong cash flows, long-term returns being much more important than short-term bumps and rises (sound familiar?). He is also starting to turn minority stakes into larger plays where he has the majority and can control a firm – as he did with Kmart. “There is nothing Lampert likes to control more than how money is spent,” says BusinessWeek. Every dollar must earn as much as possible, and his companies will often use cash to buy back shares rather than boost capital spending.

But for all these similarities, “Lampert is no Buffett clone”.He is more assertive with management, for one thing, and is more willing to target poorly run companies as they produce greater returns when turned around. Unsurprisingly, he can be tough at ESL too, where, with just 15 employees, “he runs a tight ship”. Former workers talk about his understanding of risk, and his “uncanny ability to see how the pieces of an investment fit together”.

Warren Buffet
Fortune: $40bn

If, at its inception in 1954, an investor had placed $10,000 in Sir John Templeton’s flagship Templeton Growth fund, it would now be worth nearly $7m, which is nice, and qualifies him as an investing guru (the same money in an S&P tracker would have returned you $500,000). But if, 11 years later, you had put the same $10,000 into Berkshire Hathaway – just after Warren Buffett took it over – you would now be sitting on a nest egg of over $50m.

Buffett is a patient investor and a cautious one. He ignored the tech-bubble entirely, and still doesn’t hold a single tech or internet stock, not even Microsoft. He would, he says, bet it will do well, but as he points out, why should he “have to bet”? He likes stocks he can “see”, and therefore understand, such as Coca-Cola: he believes it’s “much easier to predict the relative strength that Coke will have in the soft-drink world than Microsoft will in the software world”.

Unlike Templeton, he seems to think that he can still find value in the American market – earlier this year, for example, he bought PacifiCorp from Scottish Power, in what is seen as his new investment technique – to ‘“buy entire companies, rather than simply taking a stake”, says SmartMoney. In April, he also bought a significant stake in Anheuser-Busch, the world’s largest brewer and the maker of Budweiser beer. Buffett’s reputation goes before him – as soon as his purchase was announced, the share price went up 6%.

As well as being able to see his stocks, Buffett likes to know them intimately.He once likened over-diversifying a portfolio to having a harem of 40 women – “you never get to know any of them very well”. His stocks are more like friends: he knows them well and holds onto them for the long term, or as long as they pass his growth tests without becoming over-priced. “The key, he says, is to think of yourselfas part-owner of the business,” says Graham Searjeant in The Times.

He is very sceptical about the future of the dollar – last year, he bet $21bn against the dollar. With his other currency plays, this earned him $2.6bn last year – but with the dollar’s recent rally, he has been hit, and could have lost “as much as $1bn”, says SmartMoney. But the world’s second-richest man and best-known investment guru is “undeterred and continues to position Berkshire Hathaway, his investment company, for dollar weakness”, say Patrick Hosking and Gabriel Rozenberg in The Times. Still, he can’t find much to invest in at all, be it a dollar asset or not. At Berkshire Hathaway’s AGM in May, he said, “We’d love to have one [an acquisition] in the $5bn to$10bn range. At the moment, we’ve got more money than brains, and we hope to do something about that.”

Benjamin Graham
1894-1976

From 1936 to 1956, Benjamin Graham had a “remarkable record as a stock picker”, say Pablo Galarza and Stephen Gandel in Money. Over the 20-year period, his mutual fund had a compounded average return of at least 14.7%, compared to 12% for the overall market. That may not sound like much of a difference, but, as Galarza and Gandel point out, a $10,000 investment in Graham’s fund would have earned roughly $60,000 more than the average in the space of two decades.

So how did he know which stocks to pick? He was the ultimate valueinvestor. His net current asset value (NCAV) approach is “relatively unknown to individual investors”, says Harry Domash’s Winning Investing, but it was clearly successful for him. It is a system that calls for buying stocks trading below their calculated value. Instead of using the more usual book value (assets minus liabilities), Graham wanted to know what the company would be worth if it were liquidated tomorrow. In order to work this out, he would only include current assets (ie, cash, inventories and accounts receivable), while ignoring long-term assets, such as buildings and patents. He would delete from this both long and short-term liabilities, giving him the NCAV. His aim was to find and buy companies trading at two-thirds or less of their net current asset value.

He insisted on such a heavy discount because he believed that you needed a margin of safety – “a price so low that you can make money even if some part of your analysis turns out to be wrong”, say Galarza and Gandel. This gave him leeway to carry out less research than many of his colleagues, as a lot of it would be redundant if the shares were cheap enough. For example, if a company has current assets worth $12 per share and no debt, you would have a nice margin of safety if you bought its shares at $7, however dodgy its business.

“A true Graham follower has to be resigned to buying companies that the rest of the market think are lousy,” say Galarza and Gandel. Like Templeton and Lynch, he focused on companies the rest of the market were ignoring, so that he could pick them up cheaply while knowing that the real value was there to back up the investment, even if the company went bust. Graham discovered the hard way that this was a good investment strategy. One of his early picks was Savold Tire, which he bought on its first day of trading – making an impressive 250% in a short period of time. But instead of reaping his profit, he held onto the stock. Six months later, corporate fraud was exposed at the firm and its shares became totally worthless. His response was his NCAV strategy, designed to ensure that even if companies went into receivership, there would still be money left for investors.

Sir John Templeto
Age: 92
Fortune: estimated at over $1bn

He may be 92 years old and have sold his family of mutual funds (for $913m, in 1992), but that doesn’t mean Sir John Templeton doesn’t still knowa thing or two about investing. Described as “arguably the greatest global stock picker of the century” in Money magazine, he continues to keep an active eye on what’s happening in the markets. Right now, that’s not something he finds very comforting: in recent years he has been very worried about the quality of investments in the market and he has repeatedly warned that the US housing boom is more of a bubble, and that it will soon burst.

Nowadays, Templeton works full-time as a philanthropist; donating about $40m a year to “discovering how religion can influence the physical world”, says Lyford Cay in Financial Intelligence Report. However, he remains dedicated to his first vocation: “the study of investments”, says Cay. And thanks to his close study of the markets, his “timing has been impeccable”.Templeton took short positions in dotcom and tech stocks at the very height of the 1990s boom – and managed to make himself another fortune in the process.

So how does he choose which stocks are going to make him money? Templeton’s first rule is to do the opposite of the crowd. He moved to the Bahamas 32 years ago, and found that not being in the middle of the market buzz meant that he didn’t accidentally follow everyone else’s investment ideas.

Unpopular stocks aren’t necessarily bad stocks, says Templeton; they may just be unfashionable, and therefore cheap (unlike the dotcoms in 1999). Finding this kind of value is his main criteria. By looking at companies’ market capitalisation (share price times number of shares in issue) and then calculating the intrinsic value (what he believes the company’s assets and the market are really worth), he spots ones that are trading too cheaply. As Templeton’s foundation website points out, “standard stock-buying advice is ‘buy low, sell high’”. But he followed the advice to the extreme – picking companies, industries and even nations that were at rock bottom levels, or “points of maximum pessimism”, as he puts it.

Templeton’s next step was to assess the risk. Stocks might be at bargain prices, but the risk that “somebody might do something stupid” may be too high, he told Cay. Over the years, his combined interest in value and risk has lead him to invest all over the world – if he were to make one criticism of Warren Buffett, it would be that he is “small-sighted. If he had spent more time in foreign nations, he would be better off,” he told Cay. Templeton, on the other hand, loves to invest abroad. At present, for its combination of good value and low risk, Templeton’s favourite country is South Korea – but he is also looking around in China, Russia and Canada.

His advice to smaller investors is to take the same approach. “Invest in a well-managed mutual fund focusing on nations and industries where share prices are not so high,” he told SmartMoney. One place that doesn’t currently fit the bill? The US. Indeed, Templeton told Cay that he doesn’t “remember a time when you had to search so diligently to find anything that was a bargain” in America.

What the gurus might buy now

Peter Lynch
If you followed Peter Lynch’s strategy, what might you invest in now?In America, the answer might be debt-collection firm Portfolio Recovery Associates (NASDAQ: PRAA), says the Motley Fool website. In the UK, it might be recruitment company Northern Recruitment (LSE: NRG), saysPeter Temple in the FT. And in China, it might be Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co (NYSE: SHI), one of China’s largest producers of ethylene, according to a stock screening done by Validea.com.

Warren Buffett
Buffett has recently bought a “significant” stake in Anheuser-Busch (NYSE: BUD), the world’s largest brewer, and the price has risen as a result. But given that he has – as ever – invested for the very long term, the shares may still be worth a look. Otherwise, Validea.com’s screens suggest that those using his investment strategy would like Factset Research Systems (NYSE: FDS), which provides global financial information, as well as insurance brokerage firm, Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co (NYSE: HRH).

Benjamin Graham
Graham’s much-followed techniques would suggest that Cooper Tire & Rubber (NYSE: CTB), which designs and makes tyres, would have caught his eye, as would the car manufacturer Nissan (NASDAQ: NSANY), says the Motley Fool website. The stock screen on Validea.com suggests that Graham might have considered buying into the steel boom via Mittal Steel (NYSE: MT).

Sir John Templeton
Templeton recently recommended the Korean car manufacturer Kia Motors to Lyford Cay in the Financial Intelligence Report as one day being bigger than General Motors, so we know that he likes that, at least. Otherwise, Fortune magazine recently followed his strategy and identified Vodafone Group (LSE: VOD), the world’s number-two wireless phone company, as suiting his criteria. He himself suggested that an investment fund he likes is the Matthews Asia-Pacific fund, which invests more broadly across Asia than most of the funds that focus on that region, says SmartMoney.

Tips for Success

2008-10-17T22:12:00.004+05:30

Welcome to TipsForSuccess

TipsForSuccess weekly success articles help you reduce your stress, increase your income and reach your goals.

By subscribing with TipsForSuccess.org, you learn to make your own success without depending on others.

Tips for Success articles, based on discoveries made by L. Ron Hubbard, give you new methods for achieving success with your work, finances, relationships and personal power. To learn about L. Ron Hubbard, click here.

Sample Articles

Are You a Professional?

How you look, talk, write, act and work determines whether you are a professional or an amateur. Society does not emphasize the importance of professionalism, so people tend to believe that amateur work is normal. Many businesses accept less-than-good results.

Schools graduate students who cannot read. You can miss 15% of the driving-test answers and still get a driver license. "Just getting by" is an attitude many people accept. But it is the attitude of amateurs. (Click here for the rest of this article on how to be more professional.)

Being Too Serious Can Ruin Your Success

Are you having fun? Do you get a thrill from your work? Do you enjoy waking up each morning?

Myths about working can hurt your progress. "Work is not supposed to be fun." "You must buckle down and get serious."

Perhaps the biggest myth of all: "People will think I’m important if I act seriously." Yet getting serious creates problems: stress, worry, anxiety, emotional pain, drudgery and failure. (For the rest of the article, including "12 Ways to Lighten Up," click here.)

How to Handle Difficult People?

A bully at your work is difficult for you to face. He is demanding you do part of his job without pay or credit. How do you handle it?

Your neighbors are constantly fighting. They wake you up in the middle of the night with their screams and curses. What do you say to them?

Your father is unhappy about your career choice. He constantly criticizes your work and points out what he thinks you should do. How do you deal with him? (Click for rest of article.)

Sample Articles

How to Get Along with Your Spouse (and Others)

When your spouse does something wrong, how do you react?

Some spouses like to blame. "You really embarrassed me when you told that stupid joke. You make me want to stay at home."

Other spouses prefer to criticize. "You’re so fat it makes me sick."

Getting even is also a favorite response. "Well, because you were flirting with Chris, I decided to flirt with Pat." (For rest of article, click here.)

The Honest Way to Get Rich
You can get everything you want in life as long as you give others enough of what they want. If you give nothing of value, you get nothing of value. Your method of exchange determines your wealth.
The type of exchange you use determines your financial success. Nothing else you do has a greater impact on your income. L. Ron Hubbard outlines the four types of exchange.(Click here for the four types of exchange.)
How to Solve Money Problems

How do you solve money problems?

1. Stop spending
2. Worry
3. Blame someone or something
4. Give up
5. Go further into debt
6. Sell a possession
7. Become depressed
8. Complain
9. Cheat or steal
10. Hope someone will just give you the money you need

Of course, none of these solutions help you gain more money.

However, the following solution is very effective. (Click for rest of article.)

Delegating authority

2008-10-17T22:02:00.001+05:30

Source: Businessballs.com

Delegation

Delegating authority skills, tasks and the process of effective delegation

Delegation is one of the most important management skills. These logical rules and techniques will help you to delegate well (and will help you to help your manager when you are being delegated a task or new responsibility - delegation is a two-way process!). Good delegation saves you time, develops you people, grooms a successor, and motivates. Poor delegation will cause you frustration, demotivates and confuses the other person, and fails to achieve the task or purpose itself. So it's a management skill that's worth improving. Here are the simple steps to follow if you want to get delegation right, with different levels of delegation freedom that you can offer.

This delegation skills guide deals with general delegation principles and process, which is applicable to individuals and teams, or to specially formed groups of people for individual projects (including 'virtual teams').

Delegation is a very helpful aid for succession planning, personal development - and seeking and encouraging promotion. It's how we grow in the job - delegation enables us to gain experience to take on higher responsibilities.

Effective delegation is actually crucial for effective succession. For the successor, and for the manager too: the main task of a manager in a growing thriving organization is ultimately to develop a successor. When this happens everyone can move on to higher things. When it fails to happen the succession and progression becomes dependent on bringing in new people from outside.

Delegation can be used to develop your people people and yourself - delegation is not just a management technique for freeing up the boss's time. Of course there is a right way to do it. These delegation tips and techniques are useful for bosses - and for anyone seeking or being given delegated responsibilities.

As a giver of delegated tasks you must ensure delegation happens properly. Just as significantly, as the recipient of delegated tasks you have the opportunity to 'manage upwards' and suggest improvements to the delegation process and understanding - especially if your boss could use the help.

Managing the way you receive and agree to do delegated tasks is one of the central skills of 'managing upwards'. Therefore while this page is essentially written from the manager's standpoint, the principles are just as useful for people being managed.

delegation and SMART, or SMARTER

A simple delegation rule is the SMART acronym, or better still, SMARTER. It's a quick checklist for proper delegation. Delegated tasks must be:

Specific
Measurable
Agreed
Realistic
Timebound
Ethical
Recorded

Traditional interpretations of the SMARTER acronym use 'Exciting' or 'Enjoyable', however, although a high level of motivation often results when a person achieves and is given recognition for a particular delegated task, which in itself can be exciting and enjoyable, in truth, let's be honest, it is not always possible to ensure that all delegated work is truly 'exciting' or 'enjoyable' for the recipient. More importantly, the 'Ethical' aspect is fundamental to everything that we do, assuming you subscribe to such philosophy.

The delegation and review form is a useful tool for the delegation process.

Also helpful tools for delegation, see the goal planning tips and template, and the activity management template.

The Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum model proviodes extra guidance on delegating freedom to, and developing, a team.

The Tuckman 'Forming, Storming, Norming Performing' model is particularly helpful when delegating to teams and individuals within teams.

Below are:

The steps of successful delegation - step-by-step guide.

The levels of delegation freedom - choose which is most appropriate for any given situation.

the steps of successful delegation

1 Define the task

Confirm in your own mind that the task is suitable to be delegated. Does it meet the criteria for delegating?

2 Select the individual or team

What are your reasons for delegating to this person or team? What are they going to get out of it? What are you going to get out of it?

3 Assess ability and training needs

Is the other person or team of people capable of doing the task? Do they understand what needs to be done. If not, you can't delegate.

4 Explain the reasons

You must explain why the job or responsibility is being delegated. And why to that person or people? What is its importance and relevance? Where does it fit in the overall scheme of things?

5 State required results

What must be achieved? Clarify understanding by getting feedback from the other person. How will the task be measured? Make sure they know how you intend to decide that the job is being successfully done.

6 Consider resources required

Discuss and agree what is required to get the job done. Consider people, location, premises, equipment, money, materials, other related activities and services.

7 Agree deadlines

When must the job be finished? Or if an ongoing duty, when are the review dates? When are the reports due? And if the task is complex and has parts or stages, what are the priorities?

At this point you may need to confirm understanding with the other person of the previous points, getting ideas and interpretation. As well as showing you that the job can be done, this helps to reinforce commitment.

Methods of checking and controlling must be agreed with the other person. Failing to agree this in advance will cause this monitoring to seem like interference or lack of trust.

8 Support and communicate

Think about who else needs to know what's going on, and inform them. Involve the other person in considering this so they can see beyond the issue at hand. Do not leave the person to inform your own peers of their new responsibility. Warn the person about any awkward matters of politics or protocol. Inform your own boss if the task is important, and of sufficient profile.

9 Feedback on results

It is essential to let the person know how they are doing, and whether they have achieved their aims. If not, you must review with them why things did not go to plan, and deal with the problems. You must absorb the consequences of failure, and pass on the credit for success.

levels of delegation

Delegation isn't just a matter of telling someone else what to do. There is a wide range of varying freedom that you can confer on the other person. The more experienced and reliable the other person is, then the more freedom you can give. The more critical the task then the more cautious you need to be about extending a lot of freedom, especially if your job or reputation depends on getting a good result. Take care to choose the most appropriate style for each situation. For each example the statements are simplified for clarity; in reality you would choose a less abrupt style of language, depending on the person and the relationship. At the very least, a "Please" and "Thank-you" would be included in the requests.

It's important also to ask the other person what level of authority they feel comfortable being given. Why guess? When you ask, you can find out for sure and agree this with the other person. Some people are confident; others less so. It's your responsibility to agree with them what level is most appropriate, so that the job is done effectively and with minimal unnecessary involvement from you. Involving the other person in agreeing the level of delegated freedom for any particular responsibility is an essential part of the 'contract' that you make with them.

These levels of delegation are not an exhaustive list. There are many more shades of grey between these black-and-white examples. Take time to discuss and adapt the agreements and 'contracts' that you make with people regarding delegated tasks, responsibility and freedom according to the situation.

Be creative in choosing levels of delegated responsibility, and always check with the other person that they are comfortable with your chosen level. People are generally capable of doing far more than you imagine.

The rate and extent of responsibility and freedom delegated to people is a fundamental driver of organisational growth and effectiveness, the growth and well-being of your people, and of your own development and advancement.

levels of delegation - examples

These examples of different delegation levels progressively offer, encourage and enable more delegated freedom. Level 1 is the lowest level of delegated freedom (basically none). Level 10 is the highest level typically (and rarely) found in organisations.

1 "Wait to be told." or "Do exactly what I say." or "Follow these instructions precisely."

This is instruction. There is no delegated freedom at all.

2 "Look into this and tell me the situation. I'll decide."

This is asking for investigation and analysis but no recommendation. The person delegating retains responsibility for assessing options prior to making the decision.

3 "Look into this and tell me the situation. We'll decide together."

This is has a subtle important difference to the above. This level of delegation encourages and enables the analysis and decision to be a shared process, which can be very helpful in coaching and development.

4 "Tell me the situation and what help you need from me in assessing and handling it. Then we'll decide."

This is opens the possibility of greater freedom for analysis and decision-making, subject to both people agreeing this is appropriate. Again, this level is helpful in growing and defining coaching and development relationships.

5 "Give me your analysis of the situation (reasons, options, pros and cons) and recommendation. I'll let you know whether you can go ahead."

Asks for analysis and recommendation, but you will check the thinking before deciding.

6 "Decide and let me know your decision, and wait for my go-ahead before proceeding."

The other person is trusted to assess the situation and options and is probably competent enough to decide and implement too, but for reasons of task importance, or competence, or perhaps externally changing factors, the boss prefers to keep control of timing. This level of delegation can be frustrating for people if used too often or for too long, and in any event the reason for keeping people waiting, after they've inevitably invested time and effort, needs to be explained.

7 "Decide and let me know your decision, then go ahead unless I say not to."

Now the other person begins to control the action. The subtle increase in responsibility saves time. The default is now positive rather than negative. This is a very liberating change in delegated freedom, and incidentally one that can also be used very effectively when seeking responsibility from above or elsewhere in an organisation, especially one which is strangled by indecision and bureaucracy. For example, "Here is my analysis and recommendation; I will proceed unless you tell me otherwise by (date)."

8 "Decide and take action - let me know what you did (and what happened)."

This delegation level, as with each increase up the scale, saves even more time. This level of delegation also enables a degree of follow-up by the manager as to the effectiveness of the delegated responsibility, which is necessary when people are being managed from a greater distance, or more 'hands-off'. The level also allows and invites positive feedback by the manager, which is helpful in coaching and development of course.

9 "Decide and take action. You need not check back with me."

The most freedom that you can give to another person when you still need to retain responsibility for the activity. A high level of confidence is necessary, and you would normally assess the quality of the activity after the event according to overall results, potentially weeks or months later. Feedback and review remain helpful and important, although the relationship is more likely one of mentoring, rather than coaching per se.

10 "Decide where action needs to be taken and manage the situation accordingly. It's your area of responsibility now."

The most freedom that you can give to the other person, and not generally used without formal change of a person's job role. It's the delegation of a strategic responsibility. This gives the other person responsibility for defining what changes projects, tasks, analysis and decisions are necessary for the management of a particular area of responsibility, as well as the task or project or change itself, and how the initiative or change is to be implemented and measured, etc. This amounts to delegating part of your job - not just a task or project. You'd use this utmost level of delegation (for example) when developing a successor, or as part of an intentional and agreed plan to devolve some of your job accountability in a formal sense.

2008-10-17T22:02:00.000+05:30

Source: Businessball.com

Delegation

Delegating authority skills, tasks and the process of effective delegation

delegation and SMART, or SMARTER

A simple delegation rule is the SMART acronym, or better still, SMARTER. It's a quick checklist for proper delegation. Delegated tasks must be:

Specific
Measurable
Agreed
Realistic
Timebound
Ethical
Recorded

The delegation and review form is a useful tool for the delegation process.

Also helpful tools for delegation, see the goal planning tips and template, and the activity management template.

The Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum model proviodes extra guidance on delegating freedom to, and developing, a team.

The Tuckman 'Forming, Storming, Norming Performing' model is particularly helpful when delegating to teams and individuals within teams.

Below are:

The steps of successful delegation - step-by-step guide.

The levels of delegation freedom - choose which is most appropriate for any given situation.

the steps of successful delegation

1 Define the task

Confirm in your own mind that the task is suitable to be delegated. Does it meet the criteria for delegating?

2 Select the individual or team

What are your reasons for delegating to this person or team? What are they going to get out of it? What are you going to get out of it?

3 Assess ability and training needs

Is the other person or team of people capable of doing the task? Do they understand what needs to be done. If not, you can't delegate.

4 Explain the reasons

You must explain why the job or responsibility is being delegated. And why to that person or people? What is its importance and relevance? Where does it fit in the overall scheme of things?

5 State required results

6 Consider resources required

Discuss and agree what is required to get the job done. Consider people, location, premises, equipment, money, materials, other related activities and services.

7 Agree deadlines

When must the job be finished? Or if an ongoing duty, when are the review dates? When are the reports due? And if the task is complex and has parts or stages, what are the priorities?

Methods of checking and controlling must be agreed with the other person. Failing to agree this in advance will cause this monitoring to seem like interference or lack of trust.

8 Support and communicate

9 Feedback on results

levels of delegation

levels of delegation - examples

1 "Wait to be told." or "Do exactly what I say." or "Follow these instructions precisely."

This is instruction. There is no delegated freedom at all.

2 "Look into this and tell me the situation. I'll decide."

This is asking for investigation and analysis but no recommendation. The person delegating retains responsibility for assessing options prior to making the decision.

3 "Look into this and tell me the situation. We'll decide together."

4 "Tell me the situation and what help you need from me in assessing and handling it. Then we'll decide."

5 "Give me your analysis of the situation (reasons, options, pros and cons) and recommendation. I'll let you know whether you can go ahead."

Asks for analysis and recommendation, but you will check the thinking before deciding.

6 "Decide and let me know your decision, and wait for my go-ahead before proceeding."

7 "Decide and let me know your decision, then go ahead unless I say not to."

8 "Decide and take action - let me know what you did (and what happened)."

9 "Decide and take action. You need not check back with me."

10 "Decide where action needs to be taken and manage the situation accordingly. It's your area of responsibility now."

With a Little Help from Your Friends:

2008-10-17T21:48:00.001+05:30

Source: September 29th, 2008 in Featured, Productivity

With a Little Help from Your Friends: How to Tap into the Hidden Potential of the People Who Surround You Every Day

Do you have a dream? Is there a business that you’re dying to launch, a story in your head demanding to be told, or an idea you’re frantic to see made a reality?

If you’re like most people, the answer is “yes.” Or, more likely, “yes, but…” Just about everyone has a crazy dream they’d love to pursue – but they just don’t know how.

What you need is a little expert advice, someone with brains and know-how to explain what you need to do and, more importantly, how to do it. The TV line-up is chock-full of shows that promise just that – a worthy but for whatever reason incapable person is selected, a team of experts descends on their life, and bit by bit they’re shown how to make their dreams come true. Trading Spaces, Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, The Big Idea, American Idol, and dozens of other shows are based on some variation of this theme.

But you don’t have to wait for your friends and loved ones to conspire to remake you, in order to tap into a wealth of expert advice. Chances are, you’re already surrounded by people who can give you the knowledge you need to get moving towards your dreams. You can be forgiven for not recognizing it; chances are, they don’t realize it themselves.

Here’s the thing: everyone develops a body of unique skills and talents in the course of living, almost all of which can be applied more widely than we imagine. It can often take a creative eye to see these hidden potentials for what they are: a lifetime of expertise masquerading as everyday life.

Who are these unwitting experts I’m talking about? Your friends, family, and colleagues, of course. How many people do you know who excel at something so much that it’s become a defining part of their character? Instead of just admiring them for it, why not pay them the greater compliment of learning from them, of letting them set an example for you in the pursuit of your dreams?

What kind of understanding might you find hidden in the strengths of your friends and loved ones? Consider:

The natural storyteller: how to weave compelling, “sticky” narratives; how to grab and hold onto people’s attention; how to set people at east.
The slacker: how to relax; how to roll with the punches; how to accept criticism without letting it define you.
The social butterfly: how to connect with strangers; how to present yourself professionally; how to avoid being defined by your weaknesses; how to listen.
The entrepreneur: how to face adversity; how to understand financial data; how to plan for the unknown.
The organizer: how to rally people to your cause; how to balance contradictory demands; how to stay cool under pressure.

These are just a few examples of different types of people that almost everyone knows. Look around you at the people closest to you and try to identify their hidden strengths. Don’t dismiss people’s talents just because their accomplishments are small – even the simplest achievement might be the outcome of an encyclopedic knowledge of the task.

For example, maybe you know someone who runs the church bake sale every year. Maybe it’s a parent, or someone on your block, or a friend. Think about what they do every year: they plan the bake sale, they promote it by making announcements at services and posting signs, they round up the best bakers in the congregation and persuade them to contribute their time and money in baking goods for the sale, and they encourage everyone involved to put in their best effort in the service of a goal bigger than their own personal gains. Now, doesn’t that sound like someone who might have a thing or two to teach you in the pursuit of your dreams?

Pay attention to the people around you and see what you can learn from them. Better yet, tell them what you see as their strengths and ask them a simple question: “How do you do it?”

You might be surprised what you learn. And, just as important, they might be surprised at what you learn. You won’t be just milking them for whatever they’re worth to you – you’ll be opening their eyes, maybe for the first time, to their own hidden talents.

And what could be a better gift than that?

9 Tips in Life that Lead to Happiness

2008-10-17T21:38:00.003+05:30

Are you truly happy? Do you even know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. I live my life to maintain my own happiness while trying my best to not cause unhappiness to anyone else. If you want to be happy you need to understand that you can be happy and that you should be happy. Many people make the mistake of believing that they don’t deserve happiness and accept their unhappy state as their destiny. The truth of the matter is that happiness, like anything else in life, needs to be nurtured. The following are a few tips that I follow to creat happiness in life

Understand what it is that will make you happy. Everyone has unique requirements for attaining happiness and what makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. Revel in your individuality and do not worry about whether or not your desires are comparable to those of your peers.
Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your mood will very likely increase as your pursue your goal because you will feel better about yourself for going after something you value.
Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. Conversely, if you are around people who are happy their emotional state will be infectious.
When something goes wrong try to figure out a solution instead of wallowing in self pity. Truly happy people don’t allow set backs to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.
Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continued happiness.
It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself. Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance you will be subconsciously putting yourself in a better mood.
Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. While there are times that require you to be serious, when it is appropriate, find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you unhappy.
Maintaining your health is another way to achieve happiness. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood. Additionally, exercise has been known to release endorphins that give you a feeling of happiness.
Finally, it is important to understand that you deserve happiness. Those who believe that they are not worthy of happiness may subconsciously sabotage their efforts to achieve happiness. If necessary, tell yourself each day that you deserve to be happy and remind yourself what steps you will take to achieve the happiness you desire.

Happiness is hard to define but most people are aware of whether they are happy or not. Many people believe that happiness is a form of luck and that some people are destined to be happy while others are destined to be unhappy. I try to incorporate the tips above into my life and have had great success in achieving happiness. The tips in this article are small but meaningful steps that you can take each day to lead you to true happiness.

Source: November 8th, 2005 in Lifehack, Lifestyle

Have the right strategy towards your investment goals

2008-10-10T21:25:00.002+05:30

When an investor burns his finger, he then come to a conclusion that investing is dangerous and then begins to take a firm decision of not returning towards it. However, within a short time, he loses his patience and then opts for other forms of investment. Example : land, gold, etc. In my opinion one should not drift from one investment, to another and that to without any strategy. It is like a person digging in one place for a while and then when he or she gets impatient, will start digging in another place. In this way the person goes on. Finally, when he realizes that he cannot achieve it, he then begins to blame on his luck.
An investor should have a financial goal in mind and then should work towards reaching towards that financial goal, within the specified time frame. One should adopt a strategy towards achieving an investment based goal. If you have invested in good options, in a diversified manner, then allow it to be there. There is no need to keep your money moving all around. Also, consult an experience financial adviser, who will guide you towards proper investment plan. They are in a better position to inform you about which way the stock market will turn and which companies are going to do well.
In today’s times, many investors get caught up in latest investing trends, like equity and mutual fund investing. Investors also get stuck with investments relating real estate, commodities and gold. Those who get glued to their television sets watching business channels, update themselves with predictions relating to stock investments. As soon as they get the latest news tips, they start acting on it. But what the retail investors don’t realize is that they are the last ones to rush and often get the empty shell after the real part is already eaten by those higher up, who form the rest of the investing world.
Retail investors often get fascinated by day trading and are familiar of stories of about some neighbour or about one of their cousins who make a lot of money on a daily basis. But how many of these retail investors get to hear stories about losses which are made by these very same legends. Many investors start having faith in fail proof methods, which promises investors to become rich quickly. They underestimate the risk that they intend to take and they often rely too much on their instincts of themselves and others around them. They act on the basis of logic.
One should be aware of the fact that it is difficult to predict equity markets, since there are plenty of variables involved. People, who want to get rich faster, are ready to risk more money to get higher returns. However, they must understand that there is no secret or magic involved towards investing. One should ignore investing based on latest investing fashion. You can do this by concentrating on your investment goal, without looking around for options to shift to other form of investments. Do not move in various directions randomly. Just keep your eye fixed on your goals and allow it to bear fruit at its proper time.

Glimpse of NEPSE the past year (16th July, 2007 to 15th July, 2008)

2008-07-17T10:49:00.000+05:30

The fiscal year end has brought about new enthusiasm over the market as evident from the zoom of 20.76 points in the benchmark today. The market is treading on the bullish zone these days ignoring the inflation, political havoc and other economic crisis. At this point of time when the fiscal year has ended, it becomes necessary to take a look at the year gone by. Our benchmark index NEPSE started the year with 683.95 points and closed at 963.39. The secondary market witnessed lot of ups and downs in the past year but ended with a gain of 279.44 points. The banking index closed with a positive note as it accumulated 199.64 points in its basket. The year started with 789.21 points and closed at 988.85 for the banking index. Likewise, sensitive index- "A" grade company's governor posted an incline of 74.52 points. However, seven more industrial sub indices were added on the trading chart from November 2007. Those were development bank, hotel, hydropower, finance, insurance, trading and manufacturing and processing.

The top five gainers of the year were Capital Mer. Bank & Fin (up 647.06%), Guheshwori Merchant Banking & Fin.( 476.67%), Nepal Share Markets Ltd. (456.67%), Siddhartha Finance Limited (454.96%) and Peoples Finance Limited. (450.39%). On the contrary, Bishal Bazar Co. Ltd. (down -18.57%), Siddhartha Insurance Limited (-15.67%), Rastriya Beema Sansthan (-10.59%), Nepal Bangladesh fin. & Leasing (-5.25%) and Himalayan Distillery Ltd. (-4.76%) were the top five losers for the year. Rs. 57,856,746.42 market capitalization was obtained throughout the year from 150083 transactions. Moreover, 28457165 volume of shares amounting to Rs. 22006702070 were traded on the floor.

Market's optimism realized the past year is likely to be continued for the coming year as evident from the Shrawan 1st upturn.

Former King Gyanendra's Farewell Statement

2008-06-14T17:20:00.000+05:30

Dear Nepalese brothers and sisters,

This country which came into being 240 years back as a garden of four castes and thirty-six sub castes as imagined and established by our ancestor His Majesty, the Great King Prithvi Narayan Shah, is going through a period of very serious and sensitive upheaval. It is well known that the Nepalese Monarchy which has always been activised for people's prosperity and progress has always been working together and cooperating with the happiness and woes of Nepali people. Burning examples of that are unification, preservation of nationalism, democratisation and modernisation through the united effort of the king and national integrity as equivalent to the value of our lives. Our committed energised feelings towards these values and standards have remained constant from the past and are equally strong in the present and will remain so in the future.

I would like to inform everybody concerned that when seven years back because of an unnatural, unexpected and tragic incident while shouldering the responsibility of the Head of the State according to the national heritage and ages of old monarchical traditions, I had no other interests except considerations for the sovereignty, independence, national pride, territorial integrity, peace and the institutional development of democracy, and overall progress of all the citizens. In the then Hindu kingdom of Nepal, the birth place of Buddha the efforts started, with the best of intention trying to ensure the peace and prosperity in the country were not successful overtime, which I have already accepted earlier. The chain of events and ensuing results are obvious to everybody like an open book.

I would like to express, with God as my witness, certain things which I couldn't express earlier because of my official responsibilities but which was troubling my inner heart all the time, through you dear journalist friends to my Nepalese brothers and sisters and the international community. May be we should call it destiny that when I was innocent child, I had neither any wish nor desire nor any possibility of having a distinct role except the compulsion to have to quietly accept the crown.Likewise, for the second time when an unimaginable and horrifying event took place on the night of Jestha 19th, 2058, I could not express through word my internal pain when I was compelled and tied up by the chains of tradition and duty without being even able to shed tears over the mortal remains of those respected and beloved family members and lighten the burden of pain at the gruesome destruction of my close relatives. Even at that time some people blamed and accused me and my family with great indiscretion and cruelty but we had no alternative but to tolerate that too, nor were there people who spoke on our behalf. Being prejudiced against me and my family members the efforts which were continuously started through different means by taking advantage of those circumstances and events, have been very painful to us and are still so. Other members of the Royal Family who were wounded but survived the incident in the Royal Palace are still alive. They are also witness to it. The bullet fragments which couldn't be taken out for technical reasons are still in the body of my wife who was also wounded and survived. The detailed facts had also come out from the medical doctors involved in their treatment. The high level Royal Investigation Commission had already made public the detailed report about the incident. When all the Nepalese people and the Royal Family were overwhelmed with grief, at that time, to level accusations and blame in this way seems to be a strategy to damage the goodwill of the Nepalese people towards the institution of Monarchy and to spread ill will, which was also not compatible with human suffering.

Likewise, I have also heard false rumours about allegations that I have property abroad. All my property is in Nepal. I have no movable or immovable property in foreign lands. The property which had been bequeathed to me from my
ancestors, according to Nepalese laws is also not in my name and I have institutionalised it maintaining that property and have only conserved it.During the last seven years neither have I added any property nor have I taken any action by which the traditional property has been reduced. I have not also usurped the right to property of any member of the Royal Family. I believe that I would also have rights to maintain private property according to the prevalent laws of Nepal.

Respecting Constitutional Assembly elections and the decision taken by the constituent assembly meeting on Jestha 15th, I am cooperating in every way towards the successful implementation of that decision. I have also not thought of leaving the country. I would like to live in my own Motherland and contribute in whatever way possible to greater good of the country and peace in this land. I believe that there will be support for this from all sectors.

I pledge to be completely dedicated to the independence and territorial integrity of the nation of Nepal which was formed and has remained independent and sovereign because of the blood, sweat and sacrifice of the great ancestors of us Nepalese, wherever and whatever circumstances I may be in. I love the independence of this nation. My feelings and sentiments are that of sanctity, indivisibility and original values of this independent nation should always be preserved. My heartfelt good wishes are for the overall welfare of the self-respecting common Nepalese people.

Today, on this date, I have handed over the Crown and Sceptre used by the Kings of Shah dynasty and which has remained as heirloom in this dynasty to the Government of Nepal for safekeeping and protection for ages to come.

Finally, on behalf of my family members and myself, I would like to express my sorrow, if anybody has been inadvertently hurt by actions of my own or of the members of my family while I was working as head of State for the welfare of Nepal and the Nepalese. I would like to express gratitude to all citizens, constitutional organs, judicial sector, security organisations, civil servants, teachers, professors, students, farmers, labourers, industrialists, businessmen, intellectual youths, religious organisations, journalists, civil society, personnel working in the Royal Palace service and all others from different walks of life and all the other associated Nepalese inside and outside Nepal who extended their cooperation to me. I would also like to thank the friendly neighbouring countries who have always wished well for Nepal, the international community and representative of diplomatic corps. I would also like to thank the members of the Committees for Security and management recently deputed by the government of Nepal. I would like to thank the government of Nepal for all the help and cooperation extended to me. I also hope that like now, I would keep on getting the same level of necessary cooperation from the Government of Nepal in the future too.

May Lord Pashupatinath bless us all. Jaya Nepal Date: June 11, 2008

Deposed King Gyanendra's Farewell Press meet

2008-06-13T00:19:00.002+05:30

२९-जेठ-२०६५,बिहिवार, काठमाडौं।

Making it or Breaking it on the stock market

2008-06-10T11:54:00.000+05:30

Making it or Breaking it on the stock market
Can the Stock Market be considered a zero-sum game, where one investor’s loss is another investor’s gain? While this can be true, much to the woe of unlucky investor, it is typically only true in the short term. However, this reasoning causes many people to shy away from the Stock Market. Gambling, on the contrary, is always a zero-sum game because one always wins at the cost of the other. It merely takes money from a loser and gives it to a winner. No value is ever created. But by investing in a share, we increase the overall wealth of an economy. As companies compete, they increase productivity and develop products that can improve our lives.
Therefore, one should not confuse investing and creating wealth with gambling’s zero-sum game. Still it should be kept in mind that investing is not a zero-sum game only if the motive of investment is not short-term gain. If you invest for the long term, even if you lose some money on a few stocks this year you will gain on some others. Interestingly, all other investors are also making profit since prices in the stock market are continuously rising over the long term.
To understand why investing in stocks is inherently different from gambling, we need to review what it means to buy stocks. The word ‘stock’ simply refers to a supply. In the financial market, stock refers to a supply of money. This supply comes from people who have given money to the company in return for a ‘share’ of the company in hopes that the company will make their money grow. Stock is ownership in a company. Shareholders hope the company will earn money as it grows. If a company earns money, the shareholders share the profits. It entitles the holder to a claim on assets as well as a fraction of the profits that the company generates. Too often, investors think of shares as simply a trading vehicle, and they forget that stock represents partial ownership of a company. Over time, people usually earn more from owning stock than from leaving money in the bank, buying bonds, or making other investments.
The term ‘Stock Market’ is a concept for the mechanism that enables the trading of company shares, other securities and derivatives. Market is a public place where things are bought and sold. It refers to the business of buying and selling stock. Participants in the Stock Market range from small individual stock investors to large fund traders, who can be based anywhere. Many years ago, worldwide, buyers and sellers were individual investors, such as wealthy businessmen. It was believed that the Stock Market was an exclusive club in which only brokers and rich people could make money. Over time, markets have become more “institutionalized”; buyers and sellers are largely institutions (e.g., insurance companies, mutual funds, investor groups, and banks). The rise of the institutional investor has brought with it some improvements in market operations.
Assessing the value of a company isn’t an easy practice. There are so many variables involved that the short-term price movements appear to be random (academics call this the Random Walk Theory); however, over the long term, a company is only worth the present value of the profits it will make. In the short term a company can survive without profits because of the expectations of future earnings, but no company can fool investors forever - eventually a company’s stock price can be expected to show the true value of the firm. In the stock market, investors are constantly trying to assess the profit that will be left over for shareholders. This is why stock prices fluctuate. The outlook for business conditions is always changing, and so are the future earnings of a company.
Security prices are sometimes too high or too low. We sometimes say that Stocks that go up must come down. But the laws of physics do not apply in the stock market. There is no gravitational force that pulls stocks back to even. What’s behind the stock? It’s the company! We should not assume that rational economic behavior controls markets. However, to say that market participants behave irrationally is not the same as saying that there is no rational explanation for market movements.
If we can’t forecast stock market movements, then there is not much point in wasting valuable time on it. Why do investors worry about bear markets? They worry because they don’t want to lose money when their stocks decline in value. In dire circumstances, you might lose your money if your neighbor succeeds in forcing you to sell your assets under his terms. This is one of the reasons why some investors will avoid selling a poorly performing stock even when they feel it will continue going down. They don’t want to face the pain involved with a loss.
It is believed that the fallen angels will all go back up, eventually. But buying companies solely because their market price has fallen will get you nowhere. Make sure you don’t confuse this practice with value investing, which is buying high-quality companies that are undervalued by the market. The goal is to buy good companies at a reasonable price. Whatever the reason, amateur investors think that a stock trading near a 52-week low is a good buy. As a warning to those investors, there is a popular saying in the market: “Those who try to catch a falling knife only get hurt.”
People have many motives for trading in the Stock Markets that are not related to maximization of financial wealth, the choice between consumption and spending, or logical expectations of future returns. Most market participants do not have the time, inclination or capacity to exercise due diligence on all available information before making trading decisions. But it is crucial in the stock market that individual investors have a clear understanding of what they are doing with their money. Only those investors succeed who really do their homework.
Fear, greed, superstition, laziness, undue haste, panic, carelessness, negligence and stupidity are often important in financial decisions. In order to reduce the possibility of future regret, many investors will simply follow the crowd by investing in popular stocks, rationalizing that if they lose, they will not be the only one to have made a bad decision. Trusting the judgment of others (or following the crowd) and making snap decisions based on insufficient information are common habits of investors
We cannot assume that market players behave in predictable ways based on economic fundamentals. A rising price on any share will attract the attention of investors. Market players have reasons for buying and selling investment assets, but these reasons are not always ‘economically rational’ and change from time to time. When investors continue to buy into an over-priced market, they act irrationally. Some economists assume that market players — in the long run — behave rationally and that self-interest acts like an Invisible Hand that guides players along a predictable path.
The best way to grow your money is to find stocks you like and sit on them for as long as you can. You can’t beat the stock market, so you might as well just wait it out.

Ten tips to please BOSS

2007-11-01T12:59:00.000+05:30

Ten tips
10.
Never walk down the hall without a document in your hands. People with documents in their hands look like hardworking employees heading for important meetings.
9.
Use computers to look busy.You can send and receive personal e-mail, and generally have a blast on the internet without doing anything remotely related to work.
8.
Messy Desk.Top management can get away with a clean desk. For the rest of us, it looks like you're not working hard enough. Build huge piles of documents around your workspace.
7.
Voice Mail.Never answer your phone if you have voice mail. Screen all your calls through voice mail. If somebody leaves a voice mail message for you and it sounds like impending work, respond during lunch hour when you know they're not there - it looks like you're working during lunch-break.
6.
Always try to look impatient and annoyed to give your bosses the impression that you are really busy and stressed with over-work.
5.
Appear to Work Late.Always leave the office late, especially when the boss is still around. You could surf the net to kill time. Make sure you walk past the boss' room on your way out. Send important emails at unearthly hours (e.g. 9:35pm, 7:05am, etc...) and during public holidays.
4.
Creative Sighing for Effect.Sigh loudly when there are many people around, giving the impression that you are very hard pressed.
3.
Stacking Strategy.It is not enough to pile lots of documents on the table. Put lots of books on the floor etc. ... Can always borrow from library. Thick computer manuals are the best.
2.
Build Vocabulary.Read up on some computer magazines and pick out all the jargon and new products. Use it freely when in conversation with bosses. Remember: They don't have to understand what you say, but you sure sound impressive.
1.
DON'T forward these tips to your boss by mistake!!!Ten tips

2007-10-30T23:49:00.001+05:30

12 simple waysTO BURN MORE CALORIES
1. JOG THROUGH WATER
Running in water is one of the most strenuous activities you can perform because the wet stuff is about 12 to 15 times as resistant as air. Running at your hardest, you can burn about 17 calories per minute.
2. START FAST
Don’t be fooled—slow and steady won’t win the race. A recent study found that after a short
warm-up, cyclists who punched up the intensity during the first half of their workouts and then
cruised for the second half burned about 10 percent more calories than those who started slow and finished fast.
3. WARM UP BEFORE YOU LIFT
A short spin on a bike or jog on a treadmill (enough to get your heart rate up) warms your muscles and tendons and gets fluids flowing in the joints; this increases your muscles’ elasticity, allowing you to handle heavier weights and endure a longer workout.
For more great tips from Health magazine, visit:
http://www.health.com/
4. SHUT UP AND DANCEHere’s the perfect excuse to sign up for that hip-hop dance class you’ve been itching to try. Surprising your body with new activities—dance, a new sport, you name it—forces it to work harder because it’s doing unfamiliar movements and using muscle groupsin different ways.
5. WORK OUT IN THE A.M.Research has shown that people who exercise in the morning keep their metabolismelevated for hours and thus get a jump on burning calories. Plus, people who start eachday with a workout tend to stick with their programs longer.
6. FUEL UP FIRST, THEN WORK OUTGrab a banana before you hit the gym, and it my actually help you slice off more calories in the long run. You should be able to exercise harder and for a longer period if you consume carbs before exercise. Shoot for 100 to 200 calories to nibble on: Yogurt, a piece of fruit, peanut butter and crackers, or half an energy bar are all excellent choices. Use these easy tweaks from top experts to make the most of every second that you exercise.
7. USE THE SURGE STRATEGY
A highly effective way to churn through calories without having to work out longer is to include in your cardio exercise spurts of speed followed by short breathers. After a warm-up, push yourself a bit harder than usual for a short surge, then slow down to a more moderate pace
to recover. Repeating this pattern several times in a single session will give you a higher calorie
tally then you’d earn if you kept your pace steady.
8. DO A TRIATHLON AT THE GYM
It doesn’t require the endurance of an Olympian: Simply split your 30- or 45-minute workout into three segments—for example, pedal on a stationary bike, power-walk on a treadmill, and step onto an elliptical trainer for 10- or 15- minute bursts with no rest in between. You’ll
keep up your heart rate and increase the burn.
9. TAKE TO THE SAND
Here’s some easy-to remember advice for scorching calories: The softer the surface, the more you burn. By walking or running on the beach, you’ll use 20 to 50 percent more calories than you would going at the same pace on a hard trail or asphalt.
10. DON’T SLOUCH
Not only is slouching unattractive, but if you do it on the elliptical trainer, stair-climber, or
treadmill, you risk cheating yourself out of the benefits these machines are supposed to provide.
Be sure to maintain a neutral spine to protect your back, keep your abs tight, and go easy on
the handrails. On elliptical trainers, if you’re not really pushing and pulling the hand levers (and you don’t have any balance issues), let go. That will zap any tendency you might have to lean on them.
11. USE YOUR ARMS
Getting both your upper and lower body involved can provide a big calorie-burning advantage. So if you’re short on time or want to get everything you can out of your usual 45-minute workout, try total-body activities such as rowing, swimming, or cross-country skiing. You can even gain a slight up-tick by exaggerating your arm swing while you walk.
12. TUNE IN TO YOUR MUSCLES
People who sleepwalk through their programs are likely to get less out of them. You should
really focus on your body during a workout. For instance, you should concentrate on using your
abdominal muscles, hips, and quadriceps to power up your walk. And when you come up during a crunch, instead of allowing your mind to wander, center your attention on contracting your abs
and moving your ribs closer to your hip bones. 12 simple waysTO BURN MORE CALORIES
m o v i n g GOOD LIVING TIPS For more great tips from Health magazine, visit:
http://www.health.com
Age may be "just a number," but around the time that it starts to announce itself on your face, you may be wondering how you can keep that number to yourself. And while a host of potions and procedures promise to keep your skin looking as young as you feel, it can be hard to figure out which ones actually work. With this in mind, we’ve compiled a list of important skincare tips that you should know and follow, depending on your current age.
IN YOUR 30s
This is the time when you might begin to notice fine lines appearing around your eyes, or that your skintone looks a bit uneven. Here’s what to do:
SPF 15 or higher — If you aren’t already using a daily moisturizer or foundation with an SPF of 15 or higher, start slathering it on, stat. Look for a product labeled "broad-spectrum," meaning it protects you from both wrinkle-causing UVA rays and burning UVB rays.
Antioxidants — Environmental agents can break down collagen and elastin, the supportive fibers that make your skin firm and elastic. Antioxidants protect existing collagen and elastin and stimulate the production of new collagen. Look for products that include idebenone, vitamins C and E, green or white tea, and grapeseed extract.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) — Alpha hydroxy acids can also help by sloughing off the dead cells that make skin look dull. AHAs such as glycolic acid (from sugar) and lactic acid (from milk) are available in concentrations of up to 10 percent in over-the-counter lotions. If after 4 to 6 weeks you’re not happy with the results, your dermatologist may recommend an inoffice
procedure that uses a blend of more-potent ingredients.
Problem areas to consider:
Eyes — The eyes have thinner, more-sensitive skin. As a general rule, if your facial moisturizer
doesn’t irritate the skin beneath your eyes, experts say that you can go ahead and use it in that area. But if you begin to notice redness or irritation, you might want to substitute an eye cream instead. Make sure the cream you choose includes the basics, such as sunscreen and antioxidants. Look for ingredients like caffeine and magnolia extract to reduce puffiness;
coneflower to cool and soothe; or vitamin K to lessen dark circles.
Breakouts — Up to 50 percent of women over age 25 have adult acne. Hormones are most likely the problem. To target breakouts without overdrying your skin, wash your face twice daily with a gentle nonsoap lotion, and avoid harsh toners that contain alcohol. Use a noncomedogenic (non-pore-clogging) moisturizer with moisture-attracting humectants like glycerin and hyaluronic acid, but stay away from pore blockers such as mineral oil and lanolin.
IN YOUR 40s
This is when skin starts to look blotchy, with small dark spots and some red areas. You may also notice your skin feels dry or rough, and it may appear a little dull. Here’s what to do:
Lightening Ingredients — Splotchy appearance stems from a combination of skin type and sun exposure. your skin, only betterWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW IN YOUR 30s, 40s, 50s AND BEYOND.
l o o k s GOOD LIVING TIPS
Over-the-counter products that contain lightening ingredients such as hydroquinone can help fade dark spots on skin of every shade. You may also want to consider microdermabrasion, in which tiny aluminum oxide crystals are blown onto the skin and then vacuumed off along with dead cells. But if your skin is extremely rudy or blotchy, a chemical peel performed
in a doctor’s office is a better bet.
Humectants — As you age, decreasing estrogen levels influence the production of other substances in your body, such as hyaluronic acid (a naturally occurring chemical that helps keep skin firm). Oil production also slows down, reducing natural lubrication. To help counteract these changes, use creams that contain humectants (like glycerin, citric acid, propylene glycol,
urea, and phospholipids) and emollients (such as petrolatum, shea butter, and cetyl alcohol) to seal in moisture.
Problem areas to consider:
Frown Lines and Furrows — Moisturizers or makeup with light-reflecting particles can help reduce the appearance of deep lines. Tiny flecks create an optical illusion that puts your face into soft focus, helping camouflage imperfections.
If you’ve got the money and the inclination, Botox injections are another option. A purified form of the botulinum toxin, Botox blocks the signals that are transmitted from nerve fibers to facial muscles, temporarily paralyzing them. Within a week or so, furrows become less noticeable and stay that way for about 3 to 6 months.
IN YOUR 50s & BEYOND
This is when you’ll start to notice sagging skin in the neck area. Also, after years of sun exposure, you may have age spots covering your hands and chest.
Here’s what to do:
your skin, only betterWHAT YOU NEED
TO KNOW IN YOUR 30s, 40s, 50s AND BEYOND.
Retinoids, AHAs, and Antioxidants — A combination of these treatments can help smooth out some of the fine lines on the surface of the neck, fade brown spots, and improve skin tone
overall. If you want moredramatic and faster results, ask your dermatologist about lasers. Treatments are now being used to tighten the muscles in the neck area, which may help give it a firmer appearance.
Bleaching Agents — The skin on your hands and chest tends to be thinner and more delicate than other areas. For hands, a year-round lotion with sunscreen and AHAs is a good choice. To fade minor age spots, try a bleaching cream that contains hydroquinone; it’s available over the
counter in 2 percent concentrations. Darker spots may call for professional help. A dermatologist could prescribe a potent bleaching agent combined with a retinoid or a cream containing vitamin C and AHAs.
Problem areas to consider:
Lips — If you’re lips seem to be getting thinner, it’s because they tend to lose moisture and collagen over time. However, new balms and treatments can create the impression of fullness. Primers can be applied under color to fill in lines and emphasize the shape of your mouth. Also, using balms containing ingredients like menthol and vitamin C will help make lips look more luscious.
l o o k s GOOD LIVING TIPS
f l a v o r GOOD LIVING TIPS
For more great tips from Health magazine, visit:
http://www.health.com
Despite the best-seller titles, product labels, and magazine covers that say otherwise, there’s no real secret to losing weight. In a nutshell, you have to eat fewer calories than you burn. The maddeningly tricky part is finding a diet you can live with that will keep off the pounds. And with popular weightloss plans banishing entire food categories, like carbohydrates, fats, or anything processed, it’s nearly impossible to know if you’re eating too much of one thing or too little of something else.
Is there a happy medium? There is, and the message is simple: Choose the best, lose the rest. To help you create your own personal plan, one you can mold to your tastes and lifestyle, we’ve
reviewed the latest studies of the concepts behind the most popular regimens; we’ve also ditched the potential pitfalls. The result: A diet you can live with for the rest of your life—at home, at work, and at restaurants. All you have to do is follow these five simple rules.
1. EAT A SERVING OF PROTEIN AT EVERY MEAL
In every recent study pitting Atkins against low-fat diets, people on Atkins lost weight faster. Why? There are probably several explanations, but the most important reason, experts say, is that protein seems to be more filling than simple carbohydrates or fat. Also, there may be a slight metabolic advantage to protein-rich meals. One study reported that switching 18 percent of total calories from carbs to protein causes the body to burn about 3 percent more calories over the following 24-hour period. For choose it or lose it?5 STRATEGIES TO
TAKE OFF THE WEIGHT---AND KEEP IT OFF---FOR GOOD.
someone eating 1,400 calories a day, that would mean an extra 42 calories burned—not a lot, but enough to lose a few extra pounds every six months.
choose it: Eggs (hard-boiled are portable) • Low-fat
yogurt and cheese • Peanut butter, other nut butters,
and nuts • Lean meat and poultry • Legumes • Soy
products such as tofu, tempeh, and edamame (raw
or steamed soybeans) • Sunflower seeds
lose it: Hamburger and marbled meats, which are
laden with saturated fat • High-fat dairy products •
Processed meats like bologna, pepperoni, and bacon
2. EAT TWO SERVINGS OF FRUITS AND
VEGGIES AT EVERY MEAL
Protein may be key for weight loss, but carbohydrates, especially the ones in high-fiber fruits and vegetables, keep the weight off. In fact, recent findings show that the more carbs people
eat, the less they’re likely to weigh. Why? Analysis shows that high-carb diets tend to be lower in calories and energy density (the number of calories per ounce of food). However, it’s important to eat the right kind of carbs—high-fiber vegetables, whole grains, and fruits. These carbs take time to digest, preventing spikes in blood sugar levels and making you feel full longer.
choose it: Whole-grain cereals and breads • Wholewheat pasta • Brown rice • Leafy green vegetables • Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts • Legumes • Fruits such as apples, pears, and berries • Sweet potatoes lose it: French fries • Cookies, doughnuts, and pastries • Candy • Potato chips • Sugary soft drinks • White bread, pretzels, and crackers f l a v o r GOOD LIVING TIPS
3. POUR ON THE HEALTHY FAT—AT LEAST
WHEN YOU’RE IN LOSING MODE
Let’s face it: Naked steamed vegetables get pretty old after a while. Fat makes foods satisfying,
and it just plain tastes good. Some forms of it—fish oil and unsaturated oils like olive and canola—may even protect against heart disease and cancer. And amazingly, after years of recommending low-fat diets, leading nutrition scientists now say there’s no evidence that people lose weight—or body fat— by eating less fat. Evidence shows you can lose weight on both low- and high-fat diets; it’s the calorie count that matters. Eat foods you love, whether they’re high
in fat or not. Just remember that gram for gram, fat contains twice the calories of carbohydrates, so treat yourself to the very best, and savor small portions.
choose it: Nuts • Popcorn made with canola or olive oil • Lean cuts of beef and pork (look for the
words "loin" and "round") • Broiled or grilled dishes • Bread with olive oil
lose it: Processed foods (chips or crackers, for example—unless they’re made without trans fats) •
Fried foods • Bread soaked with butter (a little bit goes a long way) • Cream soups and sauces
4. LEAVE HALF YOUR DINNER ON YOUR PLATE
The latest diet studies provide new evidence of an old truth: To lose weight, you’ve got to eat
less. But in today’s supersize world, it’s hard for dieters to have a realistic sense of what a healthy portion should be, and even harder to stop there. Studies have shown that people tend to do as their mothers told them and clean their plates, no matter how big. The challenge is figuring out how much is reasonable to consume during one sitting, and learning to leave food on your plate. choose it: A piece of your favorite chocolate instead of a subpar variety—make your calories worth it. • Smaller servings. Still hungry? You can always have more or something else. • The five-minute pause. Give your flatware a rest every five minutes. It can take up to 20 minutes for you to feel full, so this offers your body a chance to say, "Hey, enough already!"
lose it: All-you-can-eat buffets • Restaurant-hopping or take-out habit. Most restaurant portions are double the reasonable serving size, so share or order two appetizers instead of an entrée. • Snack foods in bulk (put them in zip-top bags, and eat only one portion) • Oversize plates and bowls—the bigger the surface, the larger the serving.
5. KEEP A TELL-ALL FOOD DIARY
There’s more to weight-loss than what’s on the menu. Dieting is as much a mental hurdle as a
physical one, and people use all kinds of motivation strategies. One proven way to stay on track is to keep a food diary and record everything you eat— everything. It may sound like a hassle, but it works. In one study, researchers found that keeping a food diary was an even better predictor of weight-loss than exercising regularly. For many people, food journals function like gut checks. If you know that you’re going to have to account for that bag of potato chips later on, then you might think twice about how hungry you really are.
choose it: A stylish journal (or a PDA, if you’re the techie type) • A supportive friend • A upercool scale
• A night out or a ski weekend to celebrate victories lose it: Obsessive scale-hopping. Weigh yourself only once a week, at the same time, wearing the same clothing. • Unrealistic expectations • Situations or people that tend to trigger binges • All-or-nothing thinking. If you slip up, don’t beat yourself up. You can’t be perfect all the time. Just get back on track.
choose it or lose it?

Faster Internet Browsing Tips

2007-04-16T22:38:00.000+05:30

IF We say that it was mainly because of the Windows operating system that a Computer could become a personal computer it would not be an exaggeration. The revolution is still on. Windows is far beyond what a common man presently knows and uses.

Internet surfing

For searching something, search engines are being used. However, if you know a Windows trick, then searching for information on the Net may become easy, all you need to do is simply locate the address bar in Internet Explorer and write in the phrase that you want to search on the Internet. Here it is important to remember the Internet Explorer (IE) recognizes a phrase and not a single word. If it’s a single word, then Internet, Explorer assumes it as a domain name and attempts to create a URL in its place. However key in a few words and IE will run your phrase through a search engine on Microsoft’s Web site.

If you want to search for a single word then you should put a question mark at the beginning of the line to tell IE that this is a search keyword. The same thing applies to the Netscape Communicator also and searching the Web is as easy using the Netscape as it is with IE.

Transferring files

Another common use for which the computers are being used is for transferring the files over the Internet. Normally FTP client is being used for transferring files, which is a common application among the Internet users. However, very few persons realize the power of Windows.

You do not need a separate FTP client for transferring the files. The basic Windows constituent IE already has a feature of FTP. Thus if you type an FTP address in the address box of any Explorer view, whether on the Internet or while browsing your own hard disk, you can go to the site and be able to use the window as an FTP client.

Create link in MS Word

Windows users sometimes complain of working on too many applications for a single work, for example, work related to the Web. However, this is probably due to the ignorance of the persons as all major applications have features that arc quite universal in nature. Take for example, MS Word. Most of us know about MS Word as the most wonderful word processor. However, quite a few of us know that it is a good tool for Web based applications also. The Web-based functions of the MS Word are worth trying as it gives you endless features. One such feature is the option of creating a link to a Web page in a Word document.

Thus if you are creating a MS Word document, you can create a link to a Web page or other HTML document rather than just including the address in text. The procedure for this is simple first copy the address (URL) to which you want to link, then select the word, phrase or sentence in your document that you want to create as the link. Now on the Insert menu in Word, click hyperlink and then in link to file or URL, paste the address by pressing Ctrl + V. This will create a link to a Web page in the Word document.

However you can use your computer for purposes other than the Internet also and make better use of it. Normally we all crave for faster performance. In a Majority of the cases you do not require a replacement or up gradation as you can enhance the performance of your existing computer running Windows.

SET YOUR MODEM'S MAX SPEED

2007-04-16T22:30:00.000+05:30

a) Double click the Modem icon in the control panel. The 'Modem Options' window appears. Two

tabs should appear, General and Diagnostics.

b) Select the General tab, then select Properties. which opens and has a 'Maximum Speed' box

about half way down.

c) Open the box and select 115,200, then OK.

If you have a 56kb/s modem this setting won't hurt it, but a setting of 9600 could slow it down.

Kalyan's Blog: Fitness & Nutrition

2007-04-16T22:29:00.000+05:30

Kalyan's Blog: Fitness & Nutrition

SONY for Music Divas

2007-04-15T19:06:00.000+05:30

Sony Japan has unveiled yet another stick-like flash player — the E series will be available in 1GB, 2GB and 4GB versions. This player has a built in USB-plug and comes with a three line colour LCD display that fades away when off. It supports playback of MP3, WMA, Atrac, and AAC formats. The controls are arranged at the back. The best part is that this player empowers instant energy from the built-in Lithium Ion battery — three minutes of charging enables a good three hours playing. Charge it for 60 minutes and you can go for a continuous playback time of 30 hours. It will go on sale from April 21. — Gizmodiva

Beefy yet feminine

2007-04-15T19:05:00.001+05:30

Chopard’s Happy Sport Mark II Chrono 2007 is a beautiful piece. This exclusive model is for those women who are watching out for a beefy yet feminine timepiece to wrap around their wrists. The 18K pink gold watch features five mobile diamonds and comes with a brightly coloured crocodile strap. There is a rotating bezel and the crown is set with a diamond-cut sapphire. The quartz chronograph movement is designed to give undisturbed service and accurate timekeeping. The renowned Happy Sport model has been a winner for Chopard since its launch in 1993. Time and again it has evolved in special editions with mobile gemstones in the shape of Chinese Zodiac, cloverleaf, horseshoe, hearts and the letters L-O-V-E. — Luxurylaunches

Bikers’ wine

2007-04-15T18:51:00.000+05:30

Recent studies discovered that NASCAR fans are into wine, and the same can be said of Harley Davidson owners. Hence, a new wine aiming at the Harley fan demographic. The V-Twin Zin from the V-Twin Vineyards in Sonoma is a wine for the motorcycle lifestyle. The 2004 estate vineyard Zinfandel is sourced from a vineyard in the Dry Creek Valley in Sonoma County, California and has a label decorated with skulls and a flaming V-twin engine. The company also have a member gallery on their website for biker pictures. Other releases planned are the River Run Chardonnay, Poker Run Cabernet, Redwood Run Zinfandel and the Toy Run Rose. The 2004 V-Twin Zin sells for $24 per bottle. — Luxist

Dell Computer Corporation and Lap top Computers

2007-04-10T06:26:00.000+05:30

Dell Computer Corporation and Lap top Computers

Microcomputer, desktop- or notebook-size computing device that uses a microprocessor as its central processing unit, or CPU (see Computer). Microcomputers are also called personal computers (PCs), home computers, small-business computers, and micros. The smallest, most compact are called laptops. When they first appeared, they were considered single-user devices, and they were capable of handling only four, eight, or 16 bits of information at one time. More recently the distinction between microcomputers and large, mainframe computers (as well as the smaller mainframe-type systems called minicomputers) has become blurred, as newer microcomputer models have increased the speed and data-handling capabilities of their CPUs into the 32-bit, multiuser range.

Dell Computer Corporation, major manufacturer of personal computers, computer peripherals, and software. Among the leading producers of computers in the world, Dell sells its products directly to customers through the Internet and mail-order catalogs rather than through retail outlets. The company is based in Round Rock, Texas.

Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. In 1983, during his freshman year at the University of Texas, he bought excess inventory of RAM chips and disk drives for IBM personal computers from local dealers. He resold the components through newspaper advertisements at prices far below retail cost. By 1984 his sales totaled about $80,000 a month. In April 1984 Dell dropped out of school to launch his company.

The new company soon began manufacturing its own IBM-compatible computers under the name PCs Limited. Because Dell sold computers directly to users through advertisements in magazines and catalogs, the company could price its machines lower than those sold through retail stores. Sales reached nearly $6 million during the company’s first year, climbing to $34 million the following year. By 1987 Dell was the leading mail-order computer company in the United States. That year it created a sales force to target large corporations and began adding international offices to capture the direct-mail market outside the United States.

While the company continued to grow rapidly, Dell experienced a series of setbacks that hurt profits. In 1990 the company began selling computers through retail stores, an effort it abandoned in 1994. In 1991 Dell launched a line of notebook computers, but quality problems and inadequate production planning forced the company to stop selling them for a year. In 1994 Dell launched a new line of notebook computers and expanded efforts to increase overseas sales. Dell also began focusing on the market for servers, which are computers used to run local area networks.

By the late 1990s, Dell was firmly in place as the world’s number one direct seller of computers. More than 50 percent of the company’s computer sales transactions took place via its Web site, which generated worldwide sales in excess of $40 million a day.

Fitness & Nutrition

2007-04-09T08:26:00.001+05:30

Fitness & Nutrition

Be a Fitness Model for your kids

A recent survey has found that the lack of physical activity among young people age 11 -15 is the single most factor contributing to obesity. This comes at a time when nearly half of adolescents are not physically active on a regular basis, and the rate of childhood obesity has nearly doubled over the last 20 years.

This is troubling as obese and physically unfit kids will become potentially sick adults. Youth obesity dramatically increases the risk factors for diabetes, high blood pressure and a host of other potentially deadly conditions that develop later in ones life.

So what can we do? For many parents, exercise routines seem to disappear due to the demands of raising a child. Bicycle rides are replaced with car rides, while jogging for your health transforms into running for the wet wipes. New parents are usually stuck with an immediate weight gain, often dismissing it as a part of parenthood. But does it have to be? Can you prevent the parental weight gain without sacrificing time with your kids? The answer is “yes, you can”.

Many of us remember our dad coming home from work to fall asleep in his favourite chair in front of the TV, or mom reclining on the bed with a crossword puzzle. It's hard to believe in their youth, they could have been athletic sporting athletes or fitness enthusiasts. Kids are usually modeling what they see in their parents. Parents have a huge influence in their kid's activity levels by modeling good exercise and healthy eating habits.

New trends in exercise have developed some great solutions for family fitness. A great example of this trend is in – home fitness equipments such as treadmills, home gyms and elliptical trainers. When home fitness equipment becomes a part of your furniture – it sends a definite message that fitness is an important aspect of daily life. Of course it's important to develop and incorporate a regular schedule of exercise. Do it for yourself and believe me, actions speak louder than words and your kids will take notice.

Habits both good and bad that kids start at a young age in most cases remain with them through their lives. Therefore, it is most definitely worth our time and effort to inculcate a healthy living and fitness habit in our children from a very young age, specially now when television, video games and junk food are all prevalent leading to obesity. Along with this we also have to shed our mindset of what a ‘healthy child' is, for just having extra pounds does not necessarily mean good health, now and in the years ahead for the child. We all want our children to look upon us as role models, so let's all work towards making ourselves ‘fitness models' for our children to emulate as well.

Health tips for your kids

1. Start your day with breakfast. It fills your empty tank to get you going after a long night without food. Easy and time efficient breakfast to prepare include cereal with fruits and milk, whole wheat toast with honey or peanut butter, whole grain waffles or pancakes.

2. Snack in a smart fashion. Choose snacks from different food groups – a glass of low fat milk with a few cookies, an apple or a pear, or some dry fruits. Eat smart at most meals. Chips, candies, chocolates, hamburgers and pizzas are okay for occasional snacking. Eat more fruits, grains and vegetable. Bananas, strawberries and melons are some great tasting fruits. Spaghetti and oatmeal are also in the grain group. Try breads such as whole wheat multigrain variety. Incorporate healthy eating habits into your children, and watch them grow healthily into strong young adults.

3. Being active is always more fun with friends or family. Plan fun events such as biking or hiking and encourage your kids to play sports in their schools. Teach your kids to climb stairs instead of always opting for the elevator, walk your dog, toss balls with friends – anything that moves your limbs is not only a fitness tool – it's a stress buster. Too many children are sitting in front of the TV for long hours watching their favourite shows or playing video games.

No Electricity, No Problem!

2007-04-08T15:52:00.000+05:30

What are you doing for a New Nepal? Here is what the Nepal Electricity Authority is doing:

By Madan Lamsal

No petrol? No electricity? No gas? No water? No money? No problem. There is a silver lining to every black cloud. If you are a creative businessman, you can see business opportunity even in the face of these adversities. For example, you can start a candle business. Tourists like candles, don't they? Remember candlelight dinners?

The NEA is trying its level best to make way for such new business opportunities to all of you in a New Nepal. The campaign's central theme is to reverse the age-long slogan 'from darkness to light' into 'from light to darkness'. And NEA has achieved considerable success in it. Its recently published public notice is a giant step forward in this direction. The gist of the message in the notice runs like this:

"Proposals are pouring in from the investors within and outside the country for illuminating the country by producing more electricity. But to keep up the age-long belief and tradition of NEA, we, the high officers of NEA, have decided not to let any new power project to be implemented. Rather, we shall request the consumers to reduce consumption and help us in our endeavour to realise the slogan "from light to darkness" by observing the following advice:

l Use the cheapest Chinese and Indian electric bulbs and tubes that fuse out immediately so that there will be darkness even when electricity is available.

l Do not use electricity from five o'clock to 10 o'clock in the evening because these are peak hours. Use electricity during off-peak hours only.

l Do not use electric appliances such as fans, heaters, TVs and fridges even when you need them because such appliances are being used by NEA and other government offices on a 24 hour/365 days basis.

l Do not use floodlights on hoarding boards. If you must illuminate them to promote your business, use the floodlights during the day or at mid-night when all everyone is asleep.

l Do not organise any feast, party or celebration of any kind because you may need light during such occasions. If such celebrations are unavoidable, observe them in a progressive manner, i.e. in a way that needs no electricity. Do not invite anybody except the bride and groom to the wedding ceremony.

l Leave the street lights on all the time and launch a campaign to encourage students to read under them.

l Stop running industries and businesses. This will save you from having to pay salaries to employees and go through the hassle of fulfilling the demands of the trade unions and Maoists. If you develop a habit of living without electricity, you will also save on ink expense used in computer print outs.

l Don't worry about load shedding. Instead, spend the time to prepare a perfect schedule to know when electricity is actually available at your place. That will ensure that you win the Best Planner of the Year award from the Planners' Club.

l It sure will bring about a growth in the country, as it will result in a baby boom...! You want growth anyway. Don't you?"

If all the institutions and organisations are to make similar efforts, Nepal will become a New Nepal in the real sense of the term.

We must thank NEA for such an innovative idea for creating the New Nepal.

DEBIT CARDS vs. CREDIT CARDS

2007-03-27T18:09:00.000+05:30

Not All Plastic is Created Equal

New car rental rules represent the first case in which debit cards cannot be used in the same way as credit cards. The big car rental companies, including Hertz and Avis, have recently stopped letting people rent cars using just a Visa Check card or the similar Master Money card from MasterCard. The card companies, and the banks that issue these cards - known as debit cards - are furious. And so are some customers.

For years, the car rental companies have used possession of a credit card as a crude way to weed out potentially risky renters, just as they have usually ruled out renters under the age of 25. But this test does not work with debit cards because banks will now give them to nearly any one with a bank account. Charges on debit cards, which go under many names, come directly out of a consumer's checking account almost immediately rather than appearing on a monthly credit card statement. In contrast to using a credit card, which the debit card physically resembles, no loan is involved in the transaction.

Debit cards "provide no qualification of creditworthiness," a Hertz spokesperson said. Car rental companies believe they are entitled to a certain level of confidence because in car rental, unlike almost any other business, the customer is given total control of a vehicle with an approximate value of $20,000.

The rental car companies are requiring a customer with only a debit card to follow the same procedures as someone who pays cash to rent a car. That involves making an application several weeks in advance and leaving a substantial deposit.

Higher Fees?
The new debit cards have become more popular because they are easier to use and more widely accepted than those that require personal identification numbers. Moreover, for the tens of millions of Americans who do not qualify for a credit card, the cards are their first opportunity to put a card with a MasterCard or Visa label in their wallets. Until recently, such cards also provided the easiest way for such individuals, many of whom have had financial troubles, to rent a car or buy merchandise over the phone.

Banks like the debit cards because transactions on them are less costly to process than paper checks. Also, some banks charge customers a fee for the cards. And for the MasterCard and Visa versions, banks receive a fee from merchants of about one percent of the purchase price. Retailers, though, have become increasingly unhappy about the growth of these debit cards precisely because they do not want to pay the fee.

Confusingly, a single card can have both a Visa or MasterCard logo and the mark of an automated teller machine network like NYCE or MAC. If a signature is used, rather than a personal identification number, the fee paid by the merchant is higher. The credit card companies say the higher fee is justified because of the greater risk. Even though both types of transactions involve electronic verification of the amount of money in the consumer's checking account, the card companies say their experience has been that the signature method results in more overdrafts.

For consumers, the debit cards also carry a little more risk. If the card is stolen, a thief can go on a spending spree with the money in the customer's checking account. Federal law limits liability to $50 if the cardholder notifies the bank within two days of discovering the missing card. But the bank has up to 20 days to put the money back into the checking account.
Some Advantages of Debit Cards

Debit cards are perfect for smaller and everyday type purchases, like those at the supermarket, drug store, or dry cleaners. With the power of debit cards, you can avoid the hassles of cash and checks. Fewer trips to the money machine. No need to provide I.D. at the checkout counter. No risk of misplacing money. Debit cards are easy to use and each transaction is detailed on your monthly checking account statement, allowing you to monitor where and when you've spent your money.

With a debit card, you can gain more control over your finances. The ability to track your purchasing habits makes the debit card an ideal budgeting tool, helping you project future expenses or highlight irresponsible spending habits.

Debit Cards Vs Credit Cards Brochure in Adobe.

Interior Decoration Business

2007-03-27T17:43:00.000+05:30

Interior décor business coming alive

Niva Shrestha, managing director and interior designer of Niva Interior Consultancy is busy these days, as she has to attend at least five clients each day on average.

Shrestha is not the only designer who is always on the move. Around 350 interior designers of Kathmandu Valley share similar experience. And, all of them say they have busy timetable and have to put in lot of efforts to fulfill their commitments. The reason: burgeoning interior decoration business.

Talking to the Post, Shrestha conceded that the demand for interior designers was increasing like never before. “Unlike in the past, even people of middle income families now want to hire professionals to decorate their homes and offices,” she said.

“And the motivating factor is that they are willing to invest a sizable amount to enhance the aesthetic appeal of their homes.”

Substantiating Shrestha's claims, Shristi Kamal Tuladhar, VSAT coordinator of Mercantile Computer System said that she recently spent Rs 300,000 to decorate her house.
“And why shouldn't I, as it is the colors, shades, styles, decoration, and furniture that change the look of a house. Besides, we only make houses once in a lifetime and I do not want to regret for not having made it perfect,” she said.

Shrestha, who conceded that she was inspired by neatly decorated interiors of Indian soaps such as Kasauti Zindagi Ki to make such a huge investment, said that she is happy for having taken the decision as 'now everybody has started appreciating her home'.

Due to the influence of television programs and movies, and changes in lifestyle and consumption pattern, the interior decoration business is thriving and has now started taking shape of an industry.
“Interior business has grown rapidly, at the rate of some 70 percent per annum, in the last five years,” said Sanjib Parajuli, managing director of Kitchen Concept Private Limited.

“Compared to around five contracts worth Rs 400,000 that we used to get every month five years ago, today we work on more than 20 projects, worth Rs 2.2 million,” he said, adding that the shop's monthly profit has climbed up to Rs 100,000.

With the rise in demand for interior decoration materials, the number of showrooms and manufacturers of furniture and interior décor pieces is also soaring.

According to the Interior Design Association of Nepal (IDAN), currently eight large lifestyle showrooms and more than 50 moderate furniture showrooms are doing business in the valley, compared to a handful some five years ago.

“These outlets invest up to Rs 5 billion on raw material every year compared to Rs 5 million spent around five years ago and they now manufacture office and home furniture, and interior décor pieces such as lamps, flower vase, ceramic products, paintings and other show pieces of international standard,” said Sanu Raja Shilpakar, vice president of IDAN.

Auto Insurance

2007-03-27T00:16:00.000+05:30

Auto Insurance Customized for You

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Significant Discounts - In addition to our competitive rates, we offer many savings opportunities with discounts on multiple-vehicle policies, airbags/ABS (antilock brakes), homeowners, defensive driver courses, senior accident prevention course, good driver, paid-in-full and EFT policies. Availability of discounts varies by state.

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Click here to locate a local AIG Agency Auto authorized representative. Our representatives will provide you with a free quote on an automobile policy customized to meet your needs.

Insurance provided by Member Companies of American International Group, Inc. Products and services may not be available in all states.

10 Majors That Didn't Exist a Decade Ago

2007-03-26T17:35:00.000+05:30

10 Majors That Didn't Exist 10 Years Ago
by Bridget KullaArticle provided by FastWeb

Want to try something new? Really new? That list of majors in the course catalog isn't static. As technology advances and business evolves, fields of study that weren't imagined or that may have been limited to a few specialized classes emerge as full-blown majors. Check out these ten fields of study that hardly existed a decade ago:

1. New media
Online media is one of the fastest-growing areas of journalism. New media majors combine traditional journalism studies with courses on the design and management of digital media. Some programs, such as the new media program at the Academy of Art University in San Francisco, concentrate on computer skills and design of online media. Other programs, like the one at Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, integrate communications and digital skills.

2. Biotechnology
Biotechnology combines biology and technology to solve agricultural, food science, and medical issues. It is an interdisciplinary field and is often combined with a business degree, as in the joint degree program at Johns Hopkins University. Most biotechnology degrees are at the master's level, yet bachelor's degrees in biotechnology, such as the one at Delaware State University, are starting to emerge as this field becomes more in demand. Related fields include bioinformatics and biomedical engineering.

3. Organic agriculture
The first organic agriculture program in the United States began at Washington State University (WSU) in 2006. Demand for those knowledgeable in organic agriculture is growing. "Large corporations increasingly are interested in meeting the nation's growing appetite for organic foods [and] are seeking employees who understand organic agriculture systems," says Dr. Cathy Perillo, coordinator of WSU's organic agriculture program, in a press release. This major is not widespread, but other institutions are looking into adding an organic agriculture degree program, including the University of California, Davis. The University of Florida (an MSN Encarta advertiser) also launched an organic agriculture major in 2006.

4. Homeland security
New degree programs in homeland security have been established since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Homeland security majors study everything from psychology to disaster relief and federal law to handling hazardous materials. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security offers scholarships and fellowships for homeland security majors and runs an intensive 18-month degree program at the Center for Homeland Defense and Security. Homeland security education is expanding rapidly at community colleges. Close to 85 percent of students trained in homeland security-related fields graduate from community colleges, according to the American Association of Community Colleges.

5. E-business/e-marketing
This field focuses on buying, selling, and marketing items on the Internet and may also include communicating with customers, employees, and business partners. Demand for employees in this field is expected to grow faster than average, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Degree programs in e-marketing are usually in universities' business schools and are more common at the graduate level. Some schools, such as the University of Akron, offer bachelor's programs in e-marketing, while others, like Missouri State University, offer a minor for business students.

6. Computer game design
Students playing video games in their dorm rooms can now avoid a lecture from their parents by majoring in computer game design. Computer game design programs were nearly nonexistent a decade ago. Today more than 150 colleges offer programs and courses in game design. Some programs, such as the program in computer games development at DePaul University, focus on the programming of games while others, like the game art and design program at the Art Institute of Phoenix, concentrate on the visual design. Michigan State University is launching a Serious Game Design master's degree program in the fall of 2007 for students with "a desire to create and study games which change the world." The International Game Developers Association offers resources, including a scholarship, for students interested in game design.

7. Forensic accounting
The controversy surrounding recent corporate scandals has drawn attention to the expanding field of forensic accounting. While it has existed for many years, forensic accounting is now the fastest-growing field of accounting. Forensic accountants are like money detectives--they investigate suspected financial mishandling and assist in legal matters. Forensic accountants must have a broad understanding of business practices beyond standard accounting skills. Bachelor's degrees in forensic accounting, like the program offered at Franklin University, are required for most careers in this field. Students can also earn a master's degree and post-graduate certificate through a program like the one at West Virginia University (an MSN Encarta advertiser).

8. Human computer interaction
Human computer interaction (HCI) majors focus on designing ways to improve human experiences and work practices with technology. HCI investigates the impact of technology on individuals and organizations. While courses in this field have been offered since the 1960s, degree programs in HCI have been growing. Human computer interaction majors are usually located in schools of computer science, but studies are multidisciplinary. Most HCI programs are at the graduate level, such as the program at Iowa State University, but some, including the HCI program at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, have a bachelor's degree program.

9. Society and the environment
Society and environment majors study the interactions between society and the environment. Degree programs in this field go by slightly different names, like Indiana University's joint environmental science and public affairs degree and Columbia University's climate and society program. Students in these majors apply social science theories to environmental issues. Most programs are at the master's degree level, but programs such as the one at UC-Berkeley offer undergraduate degrees as well.

10. Nanotechnology
Developments in technology have made it possible to control matter at smaller and smaller levels. The field of nanotechnology works with systems at the molecular level and can be applied across many different disciplines, including physics, engineering, and chemistry. Interest in nanotechnology is growing and is being encouraged by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, organized in 1998. Most nanotechnology programs are at the graduate level, but several programs provide a background in nanotechnology studies, like the bachelor's program in nanosystems engineering at Louisiana Tech University.

MANAGEMENT MANTRA:

2007-03-26T17:27:00.000+05:30

Answers to our inner questions

The first step towards better interpersonal relationships is an understanding of self. Without understanding ourselves, we cannot understand others. And without understanding others, we cannot relate to them, deal with them, interact with them or handle them effectively.Any attempt to understand self leads us to some soul-searching questions like —

• Who am I? Where do I come from?
• Where do I want to be? How will I get there?
• Where am I going? What is stopping me from reaching where I want to be?
• What help do I need?
• What will it be like when I get there?

It is not enough to identify and recognise ourself in terms of position, status and material possessions only. More important is to recognise our real self — our beliefs, values, interests, and ambitions because these give direction to our life, and also help us in understanding how and why we are different from others.Very often internal conflict is the cause of conflict with people at work. When we look within us and trace our roots, we realise that what we are is not a matter of chance.

Each one of us has had major influences in our formative years, which have contributed in making us what we are today. We need to understand our legacy from the past including our strengths, weaknesses and limitations. An insight into our background and relating influences will help us in understanding better as to why we are like this. This will help us be at peace with ourselves and in being in better control of our emotions and behaviour.

“Where do you want to be 10 years from now?” is often met with a blank look. “What are your personal and professional goals?” is often responded with options, which are too temporary or short-term in nature. Fact of the matter is that many of us do not give any thought to these questions. We get headlong into things because of peer or social pressure, or because everyone else is doing that. However, if that is not what we are actually cut out for, we remain restless, unhappy and dissatisfied, which in turn impacts our relationships with people. This inner unhappiness also impedes our progress, which further adds to frustration.

Identifying our goal is the first step, planning for its achievement is its natural corollary. Most of us take the guiding principle ‘live in the present ‘ a little too literally! We take things as they come and allow ourself to be thrown around by the winds of time — anywhere and everywhere. And then we blame Fate and GOD.

We have to take charge of ourselves and our life. We have to identify what is needed to reach our goal — personal resources-enhanced knowledge and skills, positive attitude, help and cooperation from other people and material resources — only then would there be positive results. Being in control enhances our self-esteem, which has a positive impact on our relationships with others.

All this soul searching will also help us understand if we are on the right track. It will also help us identify our stumbling blocks — fear, indecision, lack of awareness, inadequate skills and knowledge, other’s expectations, poor health, lack of self-confidence, inability to take risk or for that matter anything else.

Recognition of these stumbling blocks helps us in dealing with them appropriately — we are at peace with ourself and consequently with others. Automatically our motivation and enthusiasm levels go up. It also helps us in becoming appreciative of the role of others and their help in our life — this enhances our tolerance levels on one hand, and on the other makes us thankful for the little things in our life. Lastly, it is also important to visualise what it will be like when we actually reach these milestones. This visualisation helps us in understanding if it is worth the effort — whether we really know what we want.

Most of us have been running after goals, which on achievement lose all meaning and importance — we realise, albeit very late — “Oh this is not what I wanted!”

On the other hand, this visualisation strengthens our resolve and keeps us going in the face of tough times as well. The above helps us know our self better, which in turn strengthens our relationships with others.

Marking Nepal-China-India Boundary

2007-03-26T17:15:00.000+05:30

नेपाल-चीन-भारत सीमाङ्कन Posted on: 2007-01-08

- बुद्धिनारायण श्रेष्ठ

गत साता नेपाल-भारत तथा नेपाल-चीनबीचको सीमाङ्कन तथा सीमा प्रशासनको कामकुरोबारे समाचार आयो । प्रथमतः, नेपाल-भारत संयुक्त प्राविधिक सीमा समितिको बैठक दुई दिनसम्म बस्यो । त्यस्तै नेपाल-चीन सीमा निरीक्षण समितिको संयुक्त बैठक चार दिनसम्म चल्यो । दुई छिमेकी देशसँग लगभग एकैसाथ सीमा बैठक बसेको सम्भवतः यो नै पहिलो हुनुपर्छ । यो सौहार्दताको द्योतक हो ।

नेपाल-चीन सीमा निरीक्षण समितिको बैठक संयुक्त रूपमा चार दिनसम्म बस्यो । बैठकमा १ हजार ४ सय १४ किलोमिटर लामो सीमामा रहेका सीमा स्तम्भहरूको स्थिति समीक्षा गरियो । भत्की बिग्रेका र नाशिएका स्तम्भको मर्मतसम्भार तथा पुनःस्थापना कार्यको निरीक्षण प्रतिवेदन अनुमोदन गरियो ।

नेपाल-चीन सीमांकनको पृष्ठभूमि हेर्दा ०१६ चैत ९ मा सीमा सम्झौता तथा ०१८ असोज १९ मा सीमा सन्धि भएको देखिन्छ । त्यसपछि भौतिक रूपमा सीमाङ्कन गरी ०१९ माघ ७ गते सीमा प्रोटोकलमा संयुक्त हस्ताक्षर भएको थियो । प्रथम प्रोटोकललाई ०३६ मंसिर ४ तथा ०४४ फागुन १४ मा दोस्रो तथा तेस्रोपटक नवीकरण गरियो । अब चौथो प्रोटोकलका रूपमा संयुक्त हस्ताक्षर गर्न गत वैशाखदेखि सुरु भएको स्थलगत निरीक्षणको काम लगभग समाप्त भएको समाचार प्रकाशमा आएको छ । संयुक्त बैठकका छलफलको क्रममा दोलखाको लाप्चे नदी उत्तरमा अंकित स्तम्भ नं ५७ को साविक तथा हालको अवस्थितिको कुरा उठेको समाचार एक अंग्रेजी दैनिकले प्रकाशित गरेको छ । वास्तवमा यो स्तम्भ कोलाङपारि टिप्पाको ५ हजार ३ सय ७० मिटर उचाइको ढुंगामा कुँदिएर रहेको विवरण नेपाल-चीन सीमा कमिटीको प्रतिवेदन- ०२१ मा उल्लेख छ । धेरै उचाइका कारण हिउँले यो स्तम्भ लोप गरेको हुनसक्छ ।

यसबाहेक भौगोलिक सूचना प्रणालीमा आधारित नेपाल-चीन सीमाको अत्याधुनिक नक्सा बनाइने र यसका लागि १७ करोड रुपियाँ लाग्ने कुरा भएको छ । साथै चिनियाँ टोलीका नेताले चीनले हालै निर्धारण गरेको सगरमाथाको नयाँ उचाइ ८ हजार ८ सय ४४ मिटरलाई नेपालले प्रयोगमा ल्याउन अनौपचारिक तवरमा सञ्चारकर्मीमार्फत आह्वान गर्‍यो ।

सगरमाथाको नयाँ उचाइ सम्बन्धमा अमेरिकाको बोस्टन म्युजियम अफ साइन्स तथा नेसनल जियोग्राफिक सोसाइटीले सन् १९९९ मा ८ हजार ८ सय ५० मिटर निर्धारण गरेको थियो । संसारका अधिकांश देशले यही नयाँ उचाइलाई मान्यता दिएका छन् । तर नेपालले चाहिँ आफैंले परीक्षण नगरी नयाँ उचाइलाई अवलम्बन नगर्ने भनी पारम्पारिक उचाइ ८ हजार ८ सय ४८ मिटर मान्दै आएको छ । यहाँ जिज्ञासा उठ्छ, चीनले निर्धारण गरेको सगरमाथाको नयाँ उचाइलाई नेपालले मान्यता दिन्छ या दिँदैन ? यस सम्बन्धी छोटोमोटो जवाफ हुनसक्छ- नेपाल आफैंले आफ्नै बलबुतामा आफ्नो देशमा अवस्थित सगरमाथाको उचाइ भिडाइ प्रमाणीकरण गर्नसकेको छैन । अरू देशले निकालेको उचाइलाई पनि मान्य-अमान्य भनी औपचारिक घोषणा गर्नसकेको छैन । तर पारम्परिक उचाइलाई मान्यता दिँदै आएको पाइन्छ । नेपालले के गरोस्- कहिले सगरमाथाको उचाइ बढ्यो भनिन्छ भने कहिले घट्यो भनेर विश्वभर समाचार प्रेषण गरिन्छ । समाचार सुनेर जिल्ल पर्नुबाहेक अरू केही गर्नसकेको छैन ।

सगरमाथा नेपाली धरोहरको रूपमा छ । सगरमाथाको देश भनेर नेपाल विश्वभर प्रख्यात छ । यसले सरकारी राजस्व आर्जन गरेको छ । शेर्पा समुदायका साथै पर्यटन, टे्रकिङ, होटेल व्यवसायीलाई पनि यसले फाइदा पुर्‍याएको छ । कतिपय पर्यावरणसम्बन्धी काम गर्ने गैरसरकारी संस्थाले सगरमाथालाई मागिखाने भाँडोको रूपमा पनि उपयोग गरेका छन् । यहाँ खतरा पैदा हुनसक्छ- कुनै दिन कुनै देशले सगरमाथाको उचाइ घटेर विश्वको दोस्रो अग्लो शिखर माउन्ट के टु अर्थात् गडविन अस्टिन -८ हजार ६ सय १६ मिटर) भन्दा पनि कम भयो भनेदेखि नेपालले के गर्ने ! राष्ट्रको धरोहर हराउने भयो, राजस्व मर्ने भयो, पर्यटन व्यवसायी घाटामा जाने भए र मागिखाने भाँडो रित्तिने भयो । यसैले नेपालले अविलम्ब सगरमाथाको वैज्ञानिक मापन गरेर आधिकारिक उचाइ घोषणा गर्नु आवश्यक छ । किनकि सगरमाथा नेपालको हो । यो राष्ट्रिय सरोकारको विषय हो ।

संसारका भूगर्भविद्हरू हिमालयमुनि 'टेक्टोनिक मुभमेन्ट' भइरहेको छ भन्छन् । युरो-एसिएन प्लेट टिबेटियन प्लेटमा वर्षेनि करिब दुई सेन्टिमिटरका दरले घुस्दैछ । यी दुई प्लेटबीच हिमालय शृङखला रहेकोले कतिपय हिमचुलीको उचाइ विस्तार बढ्दैछ, अनुसन्धानकर्ताहरू यसै भन्छन् । त्यसैले सगरमाथाको उचाइ एकाएक अथवा रातारात घटेर तुरुन्तै निकै होचो हुन्छ भनेर पीर मान्नुपर्ने कारणचाहिँ छैन । किनकि हिमालय सृष्टि हुन करोडौं वर्ष लागेको थियो भने घट्न पनि त्यत्तिकै अवधि लाग्न सक्छ । तर नेपाल आफैंले सगरमाथाको उचाइ मापन गरेर आफू विश्वस्त हुनुपर्‍यो ।

नेपाल-चीन सीमासम्बन्धी अर्को जिज्ञासाको कुरा के छ भने संयुक्त सीमा निरीक्षण समितिमा नेपाल, चीन र भारतको भूमि जोडिएको स्थानमा त्रिदेशीय विन्दु -शून्य अङ्कको स्तम्भ) स्थापना गर्ने कुरो किन उठ्दैन ? नेपाल-चीन सीमाङ्कनको काम सम्पन्न भएको ४४ वर्ष भइसक्यो । तीन पटक सीमा प्रोटोकल नवीकरण भइसक्यो । त्यस समयमा त्रिदेशीय संगममा पर्ने शून्य अंकको सीमास्तम्भ खडा गर्न भारतको उपस्थिति नहुनाको कारण यस्तो भएको हुनसक्छ । तर संयोगवश यसपटक नेपाल-चीन र नेपाल-भारत सीमा समितिका बैठक एकपछि अर्को गरी लगत्तै काठमाडौंमा बस्ो । चीन र भारतका सीमासम्बन्धी पदाधिकारीहरू एकैपटक जुटेको समयमा छलफलका एजेन्डामा पूर्वसहमति भई त्रिदेशीय विन्दु निराकरण हुनसकेको भए तीनै देशका लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण उपलब्धि हुनजाने थियो ।

स्मरणीय छ, नेपालको पूर्वमा झिन्साङचुली र पश्चिममा लिम्पियाधुरामा त्रिदेशीय संगम छ । यस सम्बन्धमा नेपालका लागि चीनका तत्कालीन राजदूत जेङ जु ओङले भन्नुभएको थियो, "साढे तीन दशकअघि नेपाल र चीनबीच सम्पन्न सीमा सम्झौतामा नेपाल, भारत र चीनको त्रिदेशीय सीमाविन्दु लिपुलेक भञ्ज्याङ कायम गरिएको थियो, जसअनुसार कालापानी क्षेत्र नेपालभित्र पर्छ । यद्यपि उक्त सम्झौतामा महाकालीको उद्गम लिम्पियाधुरासम्म नेपालको सीमा रहेको पुराना प्रमाण बेवास्ता गरिएको थियो" -कान्तिपुर दैनिक, ०५६ भदौ १८) ।

अब नेपाल-भारत संयुक्त सीमांकन समिति बैठकतर्फ लागौं । दुवै देशको संयुक्त प्राविधिक सीमा समितिको २८ औं बैठकमा आगामी ०६४ असारभित्र बाँकी सीमांकनको काम पूरा गर्ने सहमति भएको छ । भारतीय दूतावासले पुस ८ गते जारी गरेको विज्ञप्तिअनुसार संयुक्त समितिले सीमांकन कार्य करिब ९८ प्रतिशत समाप्त गरेको छ ।

यहाँ जिज्ञासा उत्पन्न हुन्छ, आउँदो असारभित्र बाँकी २ प्रतिशत काम सम्पन्न हुनसक्छ या सक्दैन ? १ हजार ८ सय ८ किलोमिटर लामो नेपाल-भारत सीमारेखाको २ प्रतिशत भनेको करिब ३६ किमि हुन आउँछ । यही ३६ किमिभित्र कालापानी-लिम्पियाधुरा, सुस्ता, ठोरी, महेशपुर, सन्दकपुर, कोशीबाँध-भन्टाबारी, प्याराताल, भजनी, लालबोझीजस्ता ५४ ठाउँको विवाद तथा अतिक्रमण रहेका छन् । कालापानी सुस्ता विवाद 'क्रोनिक' का रूपमा परिणत भइसकेको छ । यस समस्यामा संयुक्त प्राविधिक समितिले निकैपटक प्रयास गरिसकेको छ । तर एकपक्षले प्रस्ताव गरेको आधार-नक्सा अर्का पक्षलाई मान्य नहुने, जमिनमा रेखांकन गर्न दुवै पक्ष एउटै निचोडमा पुग्न नसक्ने तथा समस्याग्रस्त क्षेत्रका विषयमा वाद-प्रतिवाद चल्ने र समाधानको अन्तिम चरणमा पुग्न नसक्ने जस्ता कुराले अल्भिmरहेको देखिन्छ ।

प्राविधिक समितिले माथिल्लो तहमा प्रस्तुत गरेको समस्या समाधानविना तल्लै तहमा फिर्ता गरिने क्रम पनि रहेको पाइन्छ । स्मरणीय छ, भारतका तत्कालीन विदेशमन्त्री जसवन्त सिंहको औपचारिक नेपाल भ्रमणका बेला कालापानी समस्या दुई देशका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीसमक्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको थियो । छलफलपछि नेपाल र भारतका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीहरूले दुई पक्षबीच मतभेद रहेका कालापानी क्षेत्रसहित पश्चिमी भेगका क्षेत्रहरूको सीमांकनका लागि तथ्यहरूको छानबिन तदारुकतासाथ गर्न संयुक्त प्राविधिक सीमा समिति अन्तर्गतको संयुक्त कार्यदललाई निर्देशन दिए -कान्तिपुर दैनिक, ०५६ भदौ २७) ।

यहाँ उल्लेखनीय के पनि छ भने दुवै देशका संयुक्त प्राविधिकस्तरीय समितिले २५ वर्षदेखि काम गर्दै आइरहेछन् । यस समितिको म्याद पटक-पटक थपिँदैछ । छैठौं पटकको म्याद डिसेम्बर ००६ मा समाप्त भएकोले अब ००७ जूनसम्म अर्को एक पटकका लागि हालै काठमाडौंमा सम्पन्न संयुक्त बैठकद्वारा म्याद थप गरिएको छ ।

यस्ता कचल्टिएका समस्या सधैंका लागि समाप्त गर्ने नै हो भने प्राविधिक स्तरको समितिलाई मात्र जिम्मा दिएर समाधान हुनसक्ने देखिँदैन । यसका लागि कूटनीतिक र राजनीतिक अग्रसरता आवश्यक पर्ने देखिन्छ । यसैले नेपाल र भारतबीच बाँकी रहेको सीमांकनको २ प्रतिशत काम सम्पन्न गर्ने अन्तिम लक्ष्य आउँदो ६ महिनाभित्रै सम्पन्न गर्ने हो भने यसमा सरकार प्रमुखले नै चासो राख्नुपर्ने देखिन्छ । अब यो समस्या सरकार प्रमुखकै जिम्मेवारीको विषयभित्र रहन पुगेको छ । सीमा समस्यामा सरकार प्रमुख तहबाट सरोकार नराखिए संयुक्त सीमा समितिको म्याद अझ कति लम्याउनुपर्ने हो, यकिन गर्न सकिने अवस्था छैन । तर आशा राखौं, राष्ट्रको सीमांकनजस्तो समवेदनशील कार्यमा सरकार प्रमुखले दिलचस्पी राख्नुहुनेछ । उहाँले कूटनीतिक तथा राजनीतिक माध्यम परिचालन गर्नुहुनेछ । उहाँले आफ्ना भारतीय समकक्षीसमक्ष सीमांकनका एजेन्डा राख्नुहुनेछ । सौहार्दपूर्ण तरिकाले समस्याको गाँठो फुकाउनुहुनेछ । तर यसमा विचार पुर्‍याउनुपर्ने कुरा के हो भने राष्ट्रको सीमांकन अलिकतिमात्र पनि तल-माथि पर्‍यो भने त्यस्ा क्षेत्रका नेपाली नागरिक विदेशी बन्न पुग्नेछन् । आशा राखौं, कुनै पनि नेपालीले विदेशी नागरिक हुनपर्ने छैन, कुनै पनि विदेशी नेपाली नागरिक हुन आइपुग्ने छैनन् ।

How to be a successful investor in stock?

2007-03-24T16:10:00.000+05:30

How one can be successful to get more return from stock investment?, question of everyone. To be successful investors apply the following ideas.

1. Know the "Stock Exchange!”, Build up confidence before investment.
You must have gather experienced that the stock exchange is not a casino ground, its purely a development matter of institutions or the companies where there is your return expect to come narrating with national-international economic and political situation. If this narrator factors goes in negative direction there is huge changes of erosion of capital investment. This is why one has to see the duration when the above narrator you think to get shape positively. After how long the economic and political changes are reviving, in which situation are you investing? Is the situation is favorable than go otherwise keep stay out. Even in critical situation weather the company will able to give profit or what is the aspect of company? Such notes have to be set up in your mind. You know the stock exchange is no more than gathering of companies which do suffer in changes of business cycle. So in your nearest stock exchange what sort of companies are mostly listed this differ lot accordance their business stance. Building confidence is the first part.

2. Understand the risk on your on portfolio
One who does not see other respective investment opportunity and know his/her money is going to freeze, it is really worthwhile to step for stock investment. But to be honest your investment period has to be not least months. Borrowed money used to have higher risk as in the short period no one can expect fast return. Higher interest borrowed money is even tipsy unless the rate is not reasonable and for long term. You need to understand first of all that the money is fresh or borrowed. There is chance to save as well as earning possibility if the borrowed money is utilized for long period with reasonable interest rate. The next weather your money is essentially is expected to use somewhere in near future or not! These small things has to be aptly fit before investment.

3. Diversify in investment
The only answer is to be secure. You know every business can not move in same way, where as in stock exchange we can see sector wise different listed companies. Sometimes one business sector used to face difficulties, at this movement another sector price used to be strong. To be secured in entire your investment it is good to invest in different company's share, but you need to have study of different fields from where big potential lies and put more stakes on that field. As little is your investment little the return that is why with respective diversification in investment there should also rationalize the amount.

4. Never, ever invest on a hot tip!
Whenever banking interest rates starts to shrink movement when consumers are spending high, internal money supply stays strong, investment areas starts competitive in earning or lets say when you see the money has less purchasing power usually stock exchange booms. In this movement economically people used have money into their pocket means their confidence of earning took speed and indirectly stock price shoot up, to be known for we such economic adherent this is hot period. What exactly period was in second half of 1999 till to end 2000. If you are studying economic development and starts to find above development then don't enter into the stock. Why?We will get few share even in huge investment due to higher price the second thing is that there used to be very exception room of price increase. In addition economic turn around is very much possible due to the reason of overflow of investment at such period.

5. Don't be greedy!
Naturally this sin is bad in every prospect.
After all above five basis tools it is most important to know potential companies, isn't it? Way to find out potential companies?

1. Reasonable evaluation: One has to be able to evaluate a company in reasonable way based in economic practice. Find out company, which is developing rather faster than economic growth of a country. While evaluating a company don't forget the security position. Is the price-earning ratio's are below the average and so market price to book value? If you see picture is rather positive than only be sure that there is up trend share price potential of a company.

2. Low prices: Much you get shares in low price better for you, higher a price of company is lower the return. This is why find out low price and don't forget to see the price development of last 52 week high – at least 25% less. The more, the better.

3. Catch growing company: "Good growth Search for strong growth momentum." Make sure both revenues and earnings are rising- and are likely in the future. This is a part where an investor needs to watch.

4. Learn balance sheet: If the company balance sheet is not clean at that movement better stay out. Are the expenses which they had shown is seen around them or after the expenditure there strength has build up in administration field and as well in other part or is the money is flowing under their table. You know the Enron and Worldcom scandal. Here in Nepal change in their accountancy is most popular. Try to find out the reality.

5. Normal' Dividend payers: In the last two year how much dividend & has been provided by the company and is possible for next two years to come? If the possibility is there, in such a case it will be more helpful to stay in marginal profit even the movement at such political and economic surroundings. Companies that pay dividends often have more stable earnings also which means price increase potential is less that is why here in this point either sell out such company share or stay neutral for low returns if you wish.